Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42100377›Full record

ReviewLife medicine2026

The multistep progression of areca nut-induced oral cancer: a mechanistic roadmap from pathogenesis to precision therapy.

Na Yu, Wenqiu Cai, Congyi Zhang, Qiyue Cai, Zisong Zhang, Yuqing Hu, Yan Sun, Kaiyao Yin, Feng Ren, KangXin Chang and 5 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Life medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Na YuSchool of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Wenqiu CaiSchool of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Congyi ZhangSchool of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Qiyue CaiSchool of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Zisong ZhangSchool of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Yuqing HuMudi Meng Honors College, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Yan SunMudi Meng Honors College, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Kaiyao YinSchool of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Feng RenSchool of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
KangXin ChangSchool of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
MeiLing JinSchool of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Dongxia LiSchool of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Liwen ZhangSchool of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Heming WuDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China.
Mengwei LiSchool of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Areca nut is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. It is a widely consumed psychoactive substance with profound cultural roots in regions including Hunan, Hainan, and Taiwan of China. Its key bioactive components include alkaloids (e.g. arecoline and arecaidine) and areca nut-specific nitrosamines, that induce DNA damage, reactive oxygen species bursts, and chronic inflammation in oral tissues. Coupled with mechanical trauma from chewing, these insults drive the malignant progression of oral submucous fibrosis to oral cavity carcinomas. This review systematically outlines the pathological progression from normal oral mucosa to invasive oral cavity carcinomas, highlighting two core mediators of oral submucous fibrosis carcinogenesis: immune microenvironment reprogramming and oncogenic signaling activation. Furthermore, this review elaborates the molecular mechanisms of areca nut-induced oral cancer, providing a theoretical foundation for biomarker discovery and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. It also provides actionable guidance for reducing the incidence of areca nut-related oral cavity carcinomas and improving patient prognosis.

Indexed as

areca nutimmune microenvironment reprogrammingoral canceroral submucous fibrosistargeted therapy

Identifiers

PMID42100377
PMCPMC13148401

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.