Evidence mapPaperPMID 42100537Full record

ReviewFrontiers in public health2026

Digital twin for Taekwondo athletes: integrating sports nutrition and psychological readiness using artificial intelligence.

Adam Tawfiq Amawi, Gerasimos V Grivas, Walaa Jumah Alkasasbeh

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Adam Tawfiq AmawiDepartment of Movement Sciences and Sports Training, School of Sports Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Gerasimos V GrivasPhysical Education and Sports, Division of Humanities and Political Sciences, Hellenic Naval Academy, Piraeus, Greece.
Walaa Jumah AlkasasbehDepartment of Physical Education, School of Sports Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Taekwondo is a high-intensity Olympic combat sport that requires the integration of physical performance, tactical decision-making, and psychological resilience. Athletes face unique challenges such as rapid weight management, fatigue accumulation, injury risk, and competitive anxiety. While sports nutrition and psychological readiness are critical determinants of performance, they are often addressed separately, creating a gap in holistic, individualized athlete monitoring systems. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes interdisciplinary evidence from sport science, nutrition, psychology, and artificial intelligence. A structured literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies related to Taekwondo performance, weight-category nutrition strategies, psychological readiness, and AI-driven technologies including wearable systems, machine learning, and digital twin frameworks. Results: The findings indicate that AI-driven digital twin technology enables the integration of multidimensional athlete data, including nutritional intake, psychological state, training load, and physiological biomarkers (e.g., HRV and cortisol). These systems can generate actionable outputs such as readiness scoring, personalized nutrition strategies, early detection of fatigue and stress dysregulation, and prediction of injury or overtraining risk. Conclusion: Digital twin technology represents a promising framework for transforming Taekwondo athlete management from fragmented monitoring to a holistic, data-driven approach. Practically, this may support coaches in making real-time decisions regarding training load, weight management, recovery, and psychological interventions. However, further empirical validation, ethical considerations, and applied research are required to support real-world implementation in elite combat sport environments.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceAthletesAthletic PerformanceMartial ArtsHumansartificial intelligencedigital twinpsychological readinesssmart sport systemssports nutritionsustainable athlete performanceTaekwondo

Identifiers

PMID42100537
PMCPMC13144148

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.