ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2026
The temporal stability of core symptoms of social media addiction and their comorbidity with anxiety and depression in adolescents: a longitudinal network analysis.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Social media addiction (SMA) is often comorbid with anxiety and depression. This study examined the temporal stability of core SMA symptoms and the bridging symptoms with anxiety and depression. Methods: A total of 1,240 adolescents (179 males, 1,061 females; mean age = 15.46 ± 0.63 years, age range: 14 - 18) completed the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) on two separate occasions in 2023 (T1) and 2024 (T2). The four symptom networks, including the BSMAS networks, two comorbidity networks (the BSMAS-GAD and the BSMAS-PHQ), and the integrated BSMAS-GAD-PHQ network, were estimated using Gaussian graphical models. Core symptom centrality was assessed using Expected Influence (EI), whereas bridge symptoms were identified using Bridge Expected Influence (BEI). Results: 1) Although SMA, anxiety, and depression levels of respondents rose significantly over the year, all four networks showed strong temporal stability, with the edge weights ( Discussion: These findings illuminate the temporal persistence and development of symptom relationships, offering a more dynamic understanding of SMA-depression-anxiety comorbidity in adolescents.
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