Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42101544›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of bipolar disorders2026

Somatic morbidity in bipolar disorders.

Christine Takami, Suvi Savinen, Arvid Sjölander, Zheng Chang, Isabell Brikell, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Brian M D'Onofrio, Soffia Gudbjornsdottir, Miguel Garcia-Argibay, Henrik Larsson and 3 more

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In one paragraph

Article in International journal of bipolar disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Correction: Somatic morbidity in bipolar disorders.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Christine TakamiDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden. christine.takami@ki.se.
Suvi SavinenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
Arvid SjölanderDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
Zheng ChangDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
Isabell BrikellDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
Ralf Kuja-HalkolaDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
Brian M D'OnofrioDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
Soffia GudbjornsdottirDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden.
Miguel Garcia-ArgibayDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
Henrik LarssonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
Erik PetterssonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
Paul LichtensteinDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
Mikael LandénDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis Swedish nationwide cohort study used large-scale data to investigate the associations between bipolar disorder and somatic disorders and whether these risks differ by subtype, sex, or exposure to compulsory care.

methods61,071 individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder in inpatient (from 1973) or outpatient care (from 2001) care were compared with the general population without bipolar disorder. The cohort included individuals born in 1932 or later, with follow-up from 1973 to 2020. Cox regression models estimated associations with a range of somatic conditions, including cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, and infectious diseases. Subtype-specific analyses were conducted in individuals with type 1 (n = 8,352) or type 2 (n = 9,674), and in those with a history of compulsory care (n = 6,748).

resultsBipolar disorder was associated with significantly increased risks for most examined somatic conditions. The highest hazard ratios (HRs) were observed for sleep disorders (HR 3.79; 95% CI, 3.71-3.87) and dementias (HR 4.32; 95% CI, 3.82-4.79). Type 2 diabetes risk was elevated, while no association was found for type 1 diabetes. Most risks were comparable across bipolar subtypes, though certain conditions-such as migraine and fibromyalgia-were more strongly associated with type 2. Individuals with a history of compulsory psychiatric care showed elevated risks for several conditions.

conclusionsRegardless of sex or subtype, bipolar disorder is associated with substantially higher lifetime risks of a broad range of somatic conditions. Integrated psychiatric and somatic health care may help reduce morbidity and improve outcomes.

Indexed as

Bipolar disorderBipolar disorder type 1Bipolar disorder type 2Compulsory careEpidemiologySomatic disease

Identifiers

PMID42101544
PMCPMC13156340

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.