Trial reportNature communications2026

Efsubaglutide alfa added to metformin improves glycaemia with β-cell functional responses in type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-stage adaptive phase 2b/3 trial (SUPER 2).

Weiping Jia, Fei Gao, Jingyi Lu, Zhifeng Cheng, Xiaolin Dong, Xiaoxia Shi, Xiuhai Su, Liping Li, Wei Zhang, Yihua Wang and 26 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialClinical Trial, Phase IIClinical Trial, Phase III
In one paragraph

Trial report in Nature communications, 2026. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map: it supports the treatment in 1. It reports registered trial NCT04998032. Not yet cited in PubMed.

1number the graph read from it
1cell of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
-1.060 · no effect
Glycemic controlfavours the treatment · against placebo · t2dfeeds one cell of the map
Δ -1.06p < 0.001
At week 24 in phase 3, HbA1c decreased by 1.80% with Efsubaglutide 3 mg versus 0.74% with placebo (estimated treatment difference, -1.06%; p < 0.001).

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

Investigational compounds×glycemic control

SupportsOpen on the map →What to test next →

21 readable studies in this cell: 10 favour the treatment, 8 find no difference, 3 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.78replicated · 14 families support, 4 contradict · against placebo
Without it
0.76This paper moves it by +0.01. It would be established.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect
NCT004798822,414 enrolled · 2007
Δ -0.20-0.90 to 0.50
NCT002899002,340 enrolled · 2006
Δ 0.10-0.30 to 0.90
NCT03214380933 enrolled · 2017
Δ 0.06-0.05 to 0.16
NCT03235050834 enrolled · 2017
Δ -0.83-1.06 to -0.59
NCT00767000813 enrolled · 2008
Δ -0.51-0.80 to -0.22
NCT02119819420 enrolled · 2014
Δ -0.78-1.05 to -0.52
NCT04153929413 enrolled · 2020
Δ -1.53-1.84 to -1.22
NCT05048719383 enrolled · 2021
Δ -0.77-1.13 to -0.40
NCT00479466342 enrolled · 2007
Δ -30.6-44.0 to -17.3
NCT02973321296 enrolled · 2016
Δ -0.96-1.36 to -0.55
NCT04867785281 enrolled · 2021
Δ -0.38-0.94 to 0.18
NCT02492763176 enrolled · 2015
Δ -0.39-0.88 to 0.11

This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.

4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04998032 phase2 / phase3completed

Efficacy and Safety of Once-weekly Supaglutide Versus Placebo in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Suboptimally Controlled on Metformin: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial

Ran2021Enrolled620Registered outcomes15Posted comparisons0ConditionsType2 DiabetesArmsplacebo+metformin, supaglutide injection+metformin
Open the trial in the graph
5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

6 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

36 authors.

Weiping Jia *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China. wpjia@sjtu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-2168
Fei Gao *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Jingyi Lu *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Zhifeng ChengDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Xiaolin DongDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
Xiaoxia ShiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, China.
Xiuhai SuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM Hebei, Cangzhou, China.
Liping LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, China.
Wei ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, China.
Yihua WangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, China.
Jianhua MaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Shu LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, China.
Haifang WangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Handan First Hospital, Handan, China.
Lin ChengDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China.
Li MaoDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, China.
Chengyan JiangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China.
Qingju LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Xing LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
Xin ZhengDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Boai Hospital, Beijing, China.
Ming LiuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2665-4072
Jiao SunDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Hui PengDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yichun People's Hospital, Yichun, China.
Huanfeng PanDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jilin People's Hospital, Jilin, China.
Hongwei LingDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
Chengxia JiangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China.
Junhua SongDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China.
Xinhuan ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China.
Lili ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jincheng General Hospital, Jincheng, China.
Yang LiuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Daqing People's Hospital, Daqing, China.
Tianshu ZengDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Yongcai ZhaoDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China.
Yulong XuShanghai Innogen Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
Yiming LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yuqian BaoDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Jian ZhouDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Qinghua WangShanghai Innogen Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China. qh_wang@fudan.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6478-0988

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

Efsubaglutide alfa, a long-acting humanised GLP-1 receptor agonist, was evaluated as add-on therapy to metformin in adults with type 2 diabetes. In an operationally seamless adaptive phase 2b/3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, phase 2b randomised participants 1:1:1 to Efsubaglutide 1 mg, 3 mg, or placebo for 12 weeks; based on phase 2b efficacy and safety, an independent committee selected 3 mg as the recommended phase 3 dose. Phase 3 randomised new participants 1:1 to Efsubaglutide 3 mg or placebo for 24-week double-blind treatment, followed by a 28-week open-label extension. At week 12 in phase 2b, HbA1c decreased by 1.10% with 1 mg and 1.43% with 3 mg (both p < 0.0001). At week 24 in phase 3, HbA1c decreased by 1.80% with Efsubaglutide 3 mg versus 0.74% with placebo (estimated treatment difference, -1.06%; p < 0.001). Adverse events were predominantly mild to moderate gastrointestinal events. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04998032.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulin-Secreting CellsMetforminAdultAgedBlood GlucoseDouble-Blind MethodDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsMetformin

Identifiers

PMID42103705
PMCPMC13369722

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.