ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Efficacy and safety of Bailing Capsule for the treatment of adult primary nephrotic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Bailing Capsule, a standardized fungal medicinal preparation recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition), is widely applied in the clinical management of various kidney diseases including adult primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). However, the conclusions of existing clinical studies on its therapeutic effects for adult PNS remain inconsistent, lacking a comprehensive and quantitative evidence synthesis. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Bailing Capsule for adult PNS. Eight major databases were systematically searched from their inception to December 20, 2025, for relevant RCTs. Meta-analytical data processing was performed using Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.4, with no language restrictions applied to the literature search. Results: A total of 11 eligible RCTs involving 920 adult patients with PNS were included in this study. Compared with conventional therapy alone, Bailing Capsule (used as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy) significantly reduced levels of 24-hour urinary protein excretion (24hUpro), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and total cholesterol (TC), and markedly increased serum albumin (ALB), CD3 Conclusion: Bailing Capsule may serve as a safe and effective adjunctive therapeutic option for adult patients with PNS, with positive effects on improving renal function indicators, regulating immune function and enhancing clinical efficacy. However, further high-quality, large-scale and multicenter RCTs are still required to validate the long-term efficacy and safety of Bailing Capsule for adult PNS.
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