ArticleInternational journal of microbiology2026
The Effect of Antibiotic and Nonantibiotic Drugs on Plasmid-Mediated Bacterial Conjugation.
Article in International journal of microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The clinical utility of antibiotics has been eroded by the emergence of antibiotic resistance. One major mechanism by which microorganisms develop resistance to antibiotics and nonantibiotics is by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) via plasmid-mediated conjugation. Aim: To investigate the impact of specific antibiotics and nonantibiotics on plasmid-mediated bacterial conjugation and elimination. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the selected antibiotics and nonantibiotics was determined for Results: At subinhibitory concentrations, several antibiotics-including azithromycin, doxycycline, and ceftriaxone-and nonantibiotic pharmaceuticals, such as amlodipine and propranolol, facilitated the horizontal transfer of plasmid-borne antibiotic-resistant genes in a plasmid-specific manner. Amlodipine notably enhanced the conjugative transfer of IncN plasmid pKM101 by 2.52-fold and the IncP plasmid pUB307 by 4.23-fold. Propranolol also increased the transfer of IncN plasmid pKM101, albeit modestly (1.14-fold). Plasmid curing activity was broad and nonselective in the case of amlodipine, doxycycline, glibenclamide, and levofloxacin, whereas propranolol exhibited plasmid-specificity curing activity, particularly against IncW plasmid R7K. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that antibiotics and nonantibiotic drugs can exert dual, context-dependent effects, simultaneously promoting plasmid transfer while eliminating specific plasmids. This plasmid-specific interplay highlights the complexity of drug-microbe interactions and underscores the need for careful evaluation of their roles in antimicrobial resistance dynamics.
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