Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42115950›Full record

ArticleBMC gastroenterology2026

Urban-rural disparities in survival of Chinese esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a cohort study of 133,064 cases.

Ran Wang, Zong Min Fan, Kan Zhong, Xue Ke Zhao, Xue Na Han, Ling Ling Lei, Yao Wen Zhang, Ai Li Li, Fu Qiang Qin, Bei Li and 12 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Ran Wang *Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research and National Key Laboratory of Metabolic Dysregulation and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
Zong Min Fan *Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research and National Key Laboratory of Metabolic Dysregulation and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
Kan Zhong *Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.
Xue Ke ZhaoHenan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research and National Key Laboratory of Metabolic Dysregulation and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
Xue Na HanHenan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research and National Key Laboratory of Metabolic Dysregulation and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
Ling Ling LeiHenan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research and National Key Laboratory of Metabolic Dysregulation and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
Yao Wen ZhangDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
Ai Li LiDepartment of Oncology, Linzhou Tumor Hospital, Linzhou, Henan, 456550, China.
Fu Qiang QinDepartment of Oncology, Linzhou Tumor Hospital, Linzhou, Henan, 456550, China.
Bei LiHenan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research and National Key Laboratory of Metabolic Dysregulation and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
Hui Li GaoHenan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research and National Key Laboratory of Metabolic Dysregulation and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
Ji Lin LiDepartment of Pathology, Linzhou People's Hospital, Linzhou, Henan, 456500, China.
Hai Jun YangDepartment of Pathology, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, 455001, China.
Qi De BaoDepartment of Oncology, Anyang District Hospital of Puyang City, Anyang, Henan, 457099, China.
Zhi Qiang LiDepartment of Oncology, Huixian People's Hospital, Huixian, Henan, 453600, China.
Hong LuoDepartment of General Surgery, Guangshan People's Hospital, Guangshan, Henan, 465450, China.
Yong Xuan LiuHenan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, China.
Lei MaTumor Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang, Henan, 473000, China.
Rui FanTumor Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang, Henan, 473000, China.
SheGan GaoHenan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, China.
Xin SongHenan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research and National Key Laboratory of Metabolic Dysregulation and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China. xsong2012@126.com.
Li Dong WangHenan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research and National Key Laboratory of Metabolic Dysregulation and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China. ldwang2007@126.com.

Funding

National Science and Technology Major Project 2024ZD0520900/2024ZD0520906the Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province 232102311032
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo compare urban-rural disparities in overall survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in China and identify independent prognostic factors.

methodsA retrospective cohort study including 133,064 ESCC patients diagnosed between 1973 and 2024 was conducted. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences were tested by log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance baseline characteristics between rural and urban groups.

resultsOverall survival was significantly better in rural patients than in urban patients (log-rank P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that urban residence was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (HR = 1.032, 95% CI: 1.001-1.064, P = 0.042). Significant urban-rural differences were observed in age, gender, smoking, alcohol intake, tumor differentiation, TNM stage, and treatment modality. Subgroup analysis revealed that the survival advantage of rural patients was more prominent in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ disease. After 1:1 PSM, survival differences between urban and rural patients were no longer significant (P = 0.375).

conclusionRural residence is an independent favorable prognostic factor for ESCC, and its effect is mainly mediated by baseline clinicopathological characteristics, lifestyle factors, and treatment patterns. After adjusting for confounding factors, survival between urban and rural patients becomes comparable. These findings provide real-world evidence for risk stratification and individualized treatment of ESCC. Future studies are needed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying urban-rural heterogeneity in ESCC.

Indexed as

Esophageal NeoplasmsEsophageal Squamous Cell CarcinomaHealth Status DisparitiesRural PopulationUrban PopulationAdultAgedChinaEast Asian PeopleFemaleHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm StagingPrognosisCohort studyEsophageal squamous cell carcinomaPrognostic factorsRural-urban disparitySurvival analysis

Identifiers

PMID42115950
PMCPMC13330392

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.