ArticleMedicine2026
Association between 1400 metabolites mediated gut microbiota and frozen shoulder: An exploratory 2-step mendelian randomization study.
Article in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the causal relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and frozen shoulder (FS) and explore the potential mediating function of metabolites. Using pooled data from genome-wide association studies, we first performed bidirectional univariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to examine the relationship between GM and FS, avoiding any possible reverse causal influences. Exposure-related genetic variants that are independent of each other, were rigorously screened for use as instrumental variables. Further investigation of potential mediator pathways of the metabolites was conducted using a 2-step MR analysis. In this study, we primarily employ the inverse variance weighted method to assess the causal relationships among GM, metabolites, and FS, as well as to evaluate the potential mediating effect of metabolites. Heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy tests were conducted to assess the robustness of the results, such as MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger, Cochran Q. MR analysis identified 27 potential GM links associated with FS. In particular, 15 of them displayed positive associations with FS, while other microbiota showed negative associations. There was no significant correlation between GM and FS on reverse MR Analysis. Metabolites, including X-12844 levels, serve a mediating function in the development of FS. X-12844 levels mediate the effect of Eubacterium F sp000434115 on FS, with an indirect effect size of -0.016, accounting for 15.09% of the total effect size. For glycine to serine ratio, the mediation proportion was 8.19%. When examining 3-indoleglyoxylic acid levels, the mediating effect proportion is observed to be 11.66%. Our results provide evidence for a causal relationship between GM and FS as well as a metabolite-mediated pathway. These biomarkers may contribute to the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of FS, while providing fresh perspective on its underlying mechanism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.