Evidence mapPaperPMID 42118427Full record

ArticleMolecular and cellular biochemistry2026

Innovative valsartan-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system combat liver inflammation and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Hanan Elimam, Jihan Hussein, Mona El-Banna, Zakaria El-Khayat, Mohamed Bakr Zaki, Sami H Alamri, Tarek A Ahmed, Khalid M El-Say

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Article in Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

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Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hanan ElimamDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt. Hanan.Elimam@fop.usc.edu.eg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2585-9957
Jihan HusseinDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
Mona El-BannaDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
Zakaria El-KhayatDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
Mohamed Bakr ZakiDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt.
Sami H AlamriDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Tarek A AhmedDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Khalid M El-SayDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetes-induced liver damage is a significant complication of hyperglycemia, which results in oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Conventional treatment strategies remain limited, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. This study evaluates the hepatoprotective effects of valsartan-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic rats, focusing on oxidative stress modulation, suppression of inflammatory cytokines, and metabolic regulation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: control, STZ-induced diabetic model, and treatment diabetic groups receiving valsartan (Val) or valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (Val/HCT) in either SNEDDS-loaded liquisolid tablets or directly compressed tablets. Liver function, oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid profiles, histopathological changes, and gene expression levels of NF-κB, TGF-β, and Nrf2 were assessed. Val and Val/HCT-loaded-SNEDDS significantly reduced fasting blood glucose to ~ 95 mg/dl, serum ALT levels (34-50%), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB and IL-1) (21% and 40%, respectively). They also enhanced antioxidant defenses by increasing hepatic glutathione levels (34-39%) while reducing malondialdehyde (36-39%) and nitric oxide (50%). Histopathological analysis confirmed improved liver architecture with diminished inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. Gene expression analysis revealed a downregulation of TGF-β and NF-κB, alongside upregulation of Nrf2, indicating reduced fibrogenesis and an oxidative stress response. In conclusion, Val-loaded SNEDDS effectively mitigates STZ-induced hepatotoxicity. This hepatoprotective effect is due to blocking the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), leading to inhibition of TGF-β and other TGF-β-mediated inflammatory markers, such as NF-κB and IL-1. This nanoformulation offers a promising therapeutic strategy for diabetes-associated liver injury and warrants further investigation for clinical applications.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalDrug Delivery SystemsHepatitisOxidative StressValsartanAnimalsEmulsionsInflammationLiverMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyStreptozocinEmulsionsStreptozocinValsartanDiabetes-induced hepatotoxicityInflammatory cytokineMale ratsOxidative stressSelf-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systemValsartan-loaded nanocarriers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.