Evidence mapPaperPMID 42120324Full record

Trial reportJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2026

Effects of different caffeine doses on fat oxidation and cardiovascular response during exercise at FATmax in overweight/obese female college students.

Zhigang Gong, Shihong Yu, Zhen Lyu, Wenying Huang, Tianou Zhang

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Zhigang GongFaculty of Physical Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1899-6243
Shihong YuFaculty of Physical Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Zhen LyuFaculty of Physical Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2812-4091
Wenying HuangFaculty of Physical Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Tianou ZhangDepartment of Health and Exercise Sciences, Laboratory of Exercise and Sports Nutrition, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9873-1113

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study examined the acute effects of different caffeine doses on fat oxidation and cardiovascular responses at rest and during exercise at the intensity of maximal fat oxidation (FATmax) in overweight/obese sedentary female college students.

methodsIn a randomized trial, eleven participants (age: 20.2 ± 2.3 years; BMI: 26.36 ± 1.78 kg/m²) completed four conditions: placebo (cellulose) or caffeine at 3, 5, or 9 mg/kg. Each session comprised 60 min of seated rest followed by 40 min of treadmill walking at FATmax. Substrate oxidation (via indirect calorimetry), blood pressure, and the fingertip perfusion index (PI) were measured at specific time points: at rest (0, 30, and 60 min after capsule ingestion) and immediately post-exercise (100 min). Additionally, gas exchange and heart rate were recorded continuously throughout the entire 100-min session. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 with two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (or Friedman test for non-normal data) and Bonferroni-adjusted post-hoc comparisons. Significance was set at

resultsCaffeine did not alter the resting heart rate or substrate oxidation. During exercise, caffeine at 5 and 9  mg/kg significantly increased the heart rate and blood pressure (

conclusionAcute caffeine intake at 3 and 5 mg/kg enhanced fat oxidation during FATmax exercise in sedentary overweight/obese females, whereas 9 mg/kg provided no additional metabolic benefit. However, the 5 mg/kg dose was associated with increased cardiovascular strain, which was not observed with the 3 mg/kg. Therefore, a dose of 3 mg/kg appears to offer an optimal balance between stimulating fat oxidation and maintaining cardiovascular safety in this population during acute exercise.

Indexed as

CaffeineExerciseLipid MetabolismObesityOverweightBlood PressureDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHeart RateHumansOxidation-ReductionYoung AdultCaffeineaerobic exerciseblood pressureCaffeinedose–responseenergy metabolismyoung women

Identifiers

PMID42120324
PMCPMC13169446

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.