Progressive Hypoxia Exacerbates Breast Cancer Metastasis by Paracrine Modulation of the Blood-brain Barrier Endothelium.

Kyle Alan Brinders, David Fisher, Chontrelle Willemse, Khayelihle Brian Makhathini

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Kyle Alan BrindersDepartment of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-6527-4642

David FisherDepartment of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6070-0234

Chontrelle WillemseDepartment of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6081-2014

Khayelihle Brian MakhathiniDepartment of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa. kmakhathini@uwc.ac.za.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cancer remains a major global concern, with metastasis responsible for most cancer-related deaths. Disseminated cancer cells become circulating tumour cells (CTCs) that travel until arresting at preferential vascular sites such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), where they cross into the central nervous system (CNS). Given that the BBB robustly maintains CNS homeostasis, the mechanism whereby CTCs metastatically enter the brain is largely unknown. The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (MDA-MB-231 cell line) cells were cultured under normoxic (21% O

Indexed as

Blood-Brain BarrierParacrine CommunicationTriple Negative Breast NeoplasmsAnimalsCell HypoxiaCell Line, TumorCulture Media, ConditionedEndothelial CellsFemaleHumansMDA-MB-231 CellsMiceCulture Media, ConditionedBlood-brain barriercirculating tumour cellshypoxicnormoxicparacrine factorsphysioxic

Identifiers

PMID42120773

DOI10.1007/s12031-026-02537-6

PMCPMC13167879

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.