Running Economy Benefits of Shoes Incorporating Advanced Footwear Technology Decrease With Increasing Incline and Are Negligible Above Moderate Gradients.

Graham N Askew, Sophia Hill, Molly Payne, Todd D Stewart, Danielle Charles, Andy P Brown

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Graham N AskewSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1010-4439

Sophia HillSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1258-7333

Molly PayneSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1748-0940

Todd D StewartSchool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6868-9938

Danielle CharlesSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9250-3654

Andy P BrownSchool of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9692-2154

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Shoes incorporating advanced footwear technology (AFT) improve running economy (RE) during level running by ~3%-4% compared to traditional shoes, but the extent to which benefits are preserved on inclines is unclear. Here we investigated the impact of AFT shoes on the energetics of incline running and examined how much benefits are reduced relative to level running. Twelve competitive male runners ran on a treadmill at four gradients (level, 3%, 6%, and 9%) in the Nike ZoomX Vaporfly Next% shoe (VF, AFT) and the Nike ZoomX Streakfly shoe (SF, control) in randomized order. Oxygen consumption was measured using indirect calorimetry, and shoe material properties determined using indentation and cantilever bending tests. The RE benefit of the VF over the SF decreased exponentially with gradient (p < 0.001; R

Indexed as

Oxygen ConsumptionRunningShoesAdultBiomechanical PhenomenaEquipment DesignExercise TestHumansMaleYoung Adultbiomechanicscarbon fiber plateelastic mechanismenergy costgradientNike Vaporfly shoesuper‐shoes

Identifiers

PMID42121353

DOI10.1111/sms.70298

PMCPMC13168684

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.