Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42121968›Full record

ReviewDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Catecholamines and Metanephrines: Quantification in the Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma, Considerations and Critical Issues.

Sandra Rufolo, Anna Chiara Balsamo, Francesca Parisi, Albino Coglianese, Bruno Charlier, Viviana Izzo

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sandra RufoloUniversity Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", 84131 Salerno, Italy.ORCID 0009-0009-7756-6241
Anna Chiara BalsamoUniversity Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", 84131 Salerno, Italy.
Francesca ParisiPost-Graduate School in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Campania, Italy.
Albino CoglianesePost-Graduate School in Clinical Pathology and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Campania, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2724-8212
Bruno CharlierUniversity Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", 84131 Salerno, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5076-3220
Viviana IzzoUniversity Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", 84131 Salerno, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6066-7569

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pheochromocytoma (PhC) and Paraganglioma (PG) are rare neuroendocrine tumors characterized by uncontrolled catecholamine secretion. Although rare, much attention is still devoted to identifying a unique biochemical signature of these diseases to reduce false positives, thus improving patient outcomes, and customizing clinical laboratory practices to available resources and specific diagnostic needs. Emerging knowledge into catecholamine metabolism has greatly improved diagnostic strategies, with current international guidelines recognizing plasma free or urinary fractionated metanephrine measurements as the recommended first-line biochemical tests. This narrative review highlights the clinical utility of measuring plasma free metanephrines compared to urinary catecholamines in the diagnosis of these conditions. Plasma free metanephrines offer superior sensitivity and specificity compared to catecholamines due to their continuous secretion, which is independent from tumor size and catecholamine fluctuations. This review also addresses preanalytical and methodological challenges, emphasizing patient preparation, sample stability and advanced analytical techniques currently available. Methodologies such as LC-MS/MS have demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy compared to traditional immunoassays, offering enhanced analytical performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and reduced susceptibility to interferences.

Indexed as

catecholamineslaboratory medicinemetanephrinesparagangliomapheochromocytoma

Identifiers

PMID42121968
PMCPMC13162881

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.