Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42124404›Full record

ArticleAnnals of medicine2026

Pioglitazone mitigates early brain injury by suppressing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a rodent model study.

Kadir Cetinkaya, Mehmet Özgür Özates, Hümeyra Kullukçu, Yasar Ünsal, Atilla Kazancı, Oktay Gürcan, Evrim Önder, Tuba Saadet Deveci Bulut, Ahmet Gürhan Gürcay

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Article in Annals of medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kadir CetinkayaNeurosurgery Department, Hıtıt Unıversıty Corum Erol Olcok Training and Research Hospital, Corum, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0003-2486-4631
Mehmet Özgür ÖzatesNeurosurgery Department, Yıldırım Beyazıt Unıversıty, Ankara, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0002-2051-7766
Hümeyra KullukçuNeurosurgery Department, Mersin Silifke State Hospıtal, Mersin, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0003-0675-8288
Yasar ÜnsalTC Saglik Bakanligi Ankara Sehir Hastanesi, Ankara, Türkiye.ORCID 0009-0006-8655-4718
Atilla KazancıNeurosurgery Department, Yıldırım Beyazıt Unıversıty, Ankara, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0001-8975-9694
Oktay GürcanNeurosurgery Department, Yıldırım Beyazıt Unıversıty, Ankara, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0002-2726-0043
Evrim ÖnderPathology Department, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0003-3677-3112
Tuba Saadet Deveci BulutDepartment of Biochemistry, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0002-3023-919X
Ahmet Gürhan GürcayNeurosurgery Department, Yıldırım Beyazıt Unıversıty, Ankara, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0002-8810-938X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveSubarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating neurovascular emergency where outcomes are largely driven by early brain injury (EBI). Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are central to EBI pathogenesis. This study experimentally evaluated whether pioglitazone attenuates inflammatory and oxidative responses in the early phase after SAH. MATERIALS AND

methodsThirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to four groups (

resultsIL-6, IL-1β, and MDA levels were significantly elevated in all SAH groups compared with sham (

conclusionEarly post-SAH administration of pioglitazone suppresses systemic inflammation and lipid peroxidation while mitigating hippocampal neuronal injury. These findings support a potential neuroprotective role of pioglitazone in EBI after SAH, likely mediated

Indexed as

Brain InjuriesNeuroinflammatory DiseasesOxidative StressPioglitazoneSubarachnoid HemorrhageAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalHippocampusInterleukin-1betaInterleukin-6MaleMalondialdehydeNeuroprotective AgentsPPAR-gamma AgonistsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyInterleukin-1betaInterleukin-6MalondialdehydeNeuroprotective AgentsPioglitazonePPAR-gamma Agonistsearly brain injuryExperimental subarachnoid haemorrhageNeuroinflammationoxidative stresspioglitazonePPAR-γ activation

Identifiers

PMID42124404
PMCPMC13173569

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.