ArticleJournal of multidisciplinary healthcare2026
Multidisciplinary Stakeholder Perspectives on the Design Needs of a Smart Walker for Fall Prevention Among Older Adults: A Qualitative Study in West Java, Indonesia.
Article in Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Falls among older adults remain a critical patient safety concern globally. Conventional walkers frequently fail to accommodate end-user needs, particularly in low-to-middle-income country (LMIC) settings. Understanding stakeholder design requirements is essential for developing contextually appropriate, technology-enhanced assistive devices. Objective: To explore multidisciplinary stakeholder perspectives on the design requirements for a sensor-integrated smart walker for fall prevention among older adults in Indonesia. Methods: A qualitative descriptive approach was employed within the empathize and define phases of a design thinking framework. Purposive sampling recruited 13 participants across three stakeholder groups: older adult walker users (n=5), informal caregivers (n=5), and healthcare professionals (n=3). Semi-structured interviews were conducted between October and December 2025 in Bandung, West Java. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis. Cognitive screening used a standardized, licenced assessment tool. Results: Twenty themes were identified across stakeholder groups: seven from older adults, eight from caregivers, and five from healthcare professionals. Convergent needs included a pre-impact fall warning system, design simplicity, structural durability, and affordability. Culturally specific findings included the Sundanese preference for human-accompanied walking (papah), rejection of wheeled designs, and narrow-bathroom (jamban) navigation challenges. Healthcare professionals emphasized BPJS affordability constraints and regulatory integration. Nine prioritized design requirements were derived from cross-stakeholder synthesis. Conclusion: These findings establish an empirically grounded, culturally responsive design foundation for the TEMAN JALAN smart walker - demonstrating that effective assistive technology for LMIC settings requires ground-up needs assessment rather than adaptation of high-income-country prototypes. The identified requirements will directly inform the subsequent ideation, prototyping, and clinical testing phases of this design thinking project, with implications for allied health-led innovation in fall prevention globally.
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