Trial reportJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2026
Targeting Cancer Cachexia: A Mechanistic Evaluation of Anti-GDF-15 Antibody-Based Combination Therapies.
Trial report in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01360554 (Archer 1009), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Archer 1009:a Randomized, Double Blind Phase 3 Efficacy And Safety Study Of Pf-00299804 (Dacomitinib) Versus Erlotinib For The Treatment Of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Following Progression After, Or Intolerance To, At Least One Prior Chemotherapy
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The causes of cachexia: key signals and the brain.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Sarcopenia in breast cancer: prognostic values and emerging therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn a recent Phase 2 trial in patients with cancer cachexia, the anti-GDF-15 antibody ponsegromab resulted in increased body weight, appetite, muscle mass and physical activity. This study provides compelling evidence that targeting the GDF-15 pathway may offer a viable therapeutic strategy, while raising new mechanistic questions about how GDF-15 neutralization could be optimally integrated with other interventions to reverse the multifactorial cachexia syndrome. This series of experiments aimed to evaluate the effects of anti-GDF-15 antibody treatment in combination with muscle anabolic (anti-myostatin antibody) or appetite stimulant (ghrelin receptor agonist anamorelin) modulators using mouse cancer cachexia models.
methodsThe effects of anti-GDF-15 monoclonal antibody alone and in combination with an anti-myostatin antibody or anamorelin fumarate were examined in GDF-15-dependent (HT-1080 and RENCA) and partially dependent (TOV21G) mouse tumour models. Comprehensive assessments included food intake, body weight, body composition (including fat, lean and muscle mass), muscle function and treadmill running. Circulating myostatin was measured in patient samples from an advanced NSCLC clinical study.
resultsAnti-myostatin antibody treatment had limited efficacy in improving cachexia in mouse tumour models with high circulating GDF-15 (HT-1080 and RENCA), but improved cachexia (when combined with anti-GDF-15 antibody) in a tumour model with low circulating GDF-15 levels (TOV21G). In the TOV21G model, combining anti-myostatin and anti-GDF-15 antibodies led to even greater increases in body weight and hindlimb muscle mass compared with anti-GDF-15 antibody alone (p < 0.001 for muscle mass); however, the increase in muscle strength and treadmill running did not reach statistical significance over monotherapy. When anamorelin was combined with anti-GDF-15 antibody, body weight was elevated compared with the HT-1080 tumour-bearing vehicle group (p < 0.0001) but did not reach statistical significance over anti-GDF-15 antibody alone. Similar observations of the combination treatment were found for food intake, fat mass and gastrocnemius (p < 0.05). Circulating myostatin was negatively correlated with weight loss in patients with cancer (p < 0.01).
conclusionThese data provide proof-of-principle that mechanistically distinct approaches targeting muscle anabolism and appetite may act additively with GDF-15 neutralization, particularly in cancer cachexia settings with lower GDF-15 dependence.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01360554.
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