SynthesisBMC infectious diseases2026
Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B co-infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHepatitis B virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are both major public health concerns in sub-Saharan Africa. Co-infection with these virus accelerates liver disease progression, increases hepatotoxicity, undermines treatment effectiveness, and raises mortality risk. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence of HBV-HIV co-infection in Nigeria.
methodsWe searched databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) from their respective start dates (ranging from 1946 to 1970) through December 31, 2024, to ensure a historical capture of co-infection data in Nigeria. Google scholar was searched to identify relevant grey literature and locally published studies in Nigeria. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled prevalence and account for between-study variability.
resultsA total of 28 studies were included, resulting in an overall HBV-HIV co-infection prevalence of 7% (95% CI: 5-11%). Heterogeneity was very high (I² = 95.7%), and the prediction interval ranged widely from 1 to 47% resulting in very low certainty of evidence rating. Subgroup analysis showed similar prevalence in adults and children (7% for both). The children's estimate was homogeneous (I² = 3.7%, 95% CI: 5-8%) with low certainty rating while the adult estimate remained highly heterogeneous (I² = 96.3%, 95% CI: 4-12%;). Regionally, prevalence was higher in the Northern zones 9% (95% CI: 7-12%; I² = 77.2%) than in the Southern zones 6% (95% CI: 3-12%; I² = 96.9%).
conclusionThis comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a significant but highly variable landscape of HIV-HBV co-infection in Nigeria. While stable prevalence was observed in specific subpopulation like children, the high heterogeneity across the broader population suggests that diverse regional and demographic factors might be responsible. Therefore, strengthening integrated HIV-HBV screening and management must prioritize standardized practices, particularly within paediatric care to ensure early intervention and improve surveillance. There is the need for further research to identify the specific drivers of transmission in high-variability areas. CLINICAL TRIAL: Clinical trial number not applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.