ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2026
Factors associated with bronchiectasis in Sri Lanka: evidence from a multicenter case-control study in the Colombo District.
Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBronchiectasis is a complex disease with a rising prevalence globally. It is under-recognized in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), with limited research. Even though a wide range of risk factors are known, they lack the support of scientific evidence. Therefore, this study aimed to identify associated factors among patients in Sri Lanka.
methodsA multicenter unmatched case-control study (123 cases and 123 controls) was conducted in three government hospitals in Colombo District, Sri Lanka (May-June 2023). Cases were patients with newly diagnosed bronchiectasis confirmed using both clinical and radiological criteria, while controls were patients with other respiratory conditions and no evidence of bronchiectasis on clinical or radiological assessment. Data was collected using a validated interviewer-administered questionnaire, which was pretested and piloted. Administrative and ethical approval was obtained before data collection. Informed written consent was obtained from each participant before administering the tool. Multivariate logistic regression was performed.
resultsThe response rate was 100%, with 246 participants. The mean age of patients with bronchiectasis was 64.0 years (SD = 11.7), compared with 60.7 years (SD = 14.0) among those without bronchiectasis. Females comprised 55.3%(n = 68) of cases, compared with 35.0% (n = 43) among controls. Bivariate analysis identified 12 independent variables. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the following factors independently associated with bronchiectasis after adjustment for confounders; female gender (aOR=2.27; 95%CI=1.25-4.13), age ≥60 years (aOR=2.35; 95%CI=1.13-4.87), having cardiovascular diseases (aOR=2.12; 95%CI=1.08-4.16), having rheumatoid arthritis (aOR=3.28; 95%CI=1.02-10.51), having other chronic respiratory diseases (aOR=3.19; 95%CI=1.76-5.80), history of pulmonary tuberculosis (aOR=3.47; 95%CI=1.66-7.73), exposure to indoor air pollution (aOR=2.39; 95%CI=1.30-4.39) and occupational exposure to chemicals (aOR=2.56; 95%CI=1.25-5.25).
conclusionsRecognition of these associated factors may facilitate earlier identification of bronchiectasis and prioritization of diagnostic evaluation in low- and middle-income settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.