Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42135560›Full record

ArticlePediatric research2026

Associations between REM-related respiratory disturbances, metabolic biomarkers, and memory impairment in pediatric sleep-disordered breathing.

Kai Zhang, Dandi Ma, Ruobing Song, Yunxiao Wu, Changming Wang, Xin Ni, Zhifei Xu

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Article in Pediatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Kai ZhangClinical Department of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
Dandi MaClinical Department of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
Ruobing SongClinical Department of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
Yunxiao WuDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
Changming WangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xin NiDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China. nixin@bch.com.cn.
Zhifei XuClinical Department of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China. zhifeixu@aliyun.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children is increasingly associated with cognitive impairment, though the mechanisms remain unclear. This study explored associations among SDB severity, sleep architecture, metabolic biomarkers, and declarative memory.

methodsA total of 117 children who presented with snoring were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent overnight polysomnography. Declarative memory was assessed using a modified paired-associate learning test. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to measure serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, and soluble leptin receptor. The leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio and free leptin index (FLI) were also calculated.

resultsREM-related respiratory disturbance indices (OAHI

conclusionChildren with SDB show REM sleep disruption and metabolic dysregulation linked to impaired declarative memory. Leptin resistance may mediate these effects via hippocampal dysfunction. Findings underscore the importance of early detection and metabolic targeting to prevent cognitive deficits in pediatric SDB. IMPACT: REM-predominant sleep-disordered breathing is associated with poorer declarative memory performance in children. Higher leptin/free leptin index (FLI) is linked to worse memory outcomes in this pediatric cohort. We highlight sleep-stage specificity by evaluating REM-related PSG indices (including REM/NREM ratios), beyond global AHI/OAHI measures. We integrate PSG phenotyping with metabolic biomarkers (leptin, FLI, adiponectin) to better characterize neurocognitive risk. Our findings support improved risk stratification and motivate longitudinal and interventional studies targeting REM-related SDB and metabolic dysfunction to protect cognition.

Identifiers

PMID42135560

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.