ArticleBMC plant biology2026
Endophytic mycorrhizal fungi strengthen Lactuca sativa defense against Alternaria alternata as a sustainable biocontrol approach.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most terrestrial plants can establish symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which increase the host plants' resilience to pathogens. The effect of pre-inoculation with AM fungi as a bio-agent on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plant resistance against Alternaria alternata RaSh3 leaf spot disease was investigated. The findings demonstrated that in A. alternata-infected plants, AM fungi could effectively colonize lettuce roots at a higher rate (100%) than in non-infected plants (91.66%). According to the disease assessment, lettuce plants pre-inoculated with AM and infected with A. alternata RaSh3 showed a 33.33 and 30.00% reduction in disease incidence and severity, respectively. During A. alternata RaSh3 infection, the primary growth responses, pigment fraction, proline, and carbohydrates of lettuce plants were reduced, accompanied by increases in oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (87%) and hydrogen peroxide (30.8%)]. Contrarily, AM-inoculated plants showed a significant increase in growth, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant enzymes either in A. alternata RaSh3-infected or non-infected ones. Overall, our results highlight the significance of AM fungi in alleviating infection symptoms by increasing proline (13%), flavonoids (28.3%), and phenolic compounds (44.7%). Moreover, a boost in the enzymatic status (phosphatases, antioxidants, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) was detected in A. alternata RaSh3-infected plants due to AM inoculation, proving the essential role of its inoculation in increasing plant resistance against A. alternata RaSh3. Finally, this experiment has proved the sustainable defense strategy of mycorrhizal symbiosis as a new bio-agent for the biological control of A. alternata in lettuce plants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.