ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Five-year systemic complications in diabetic retinopathy with integrated optical coherence tomography angiography and glycated hemoglobin.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a multimodal prediction model integrating optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for assessing the 5-year risk of severe systemic complications in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: A total of 340 patients with type 2 diabetes and DR were retrospectively enrolled from January 2020 to December 2024. Participants were randomly allocated into training ( Results: Baseline characteristics were balanced between training and validation sets ( Conclusion: A multimodal prediction model incorporating OCTA and HbA1c was successfully developed and validated. The convolutional neural network demonstrated optimal predictive performance and clinical utility, offering a quantitative tool for early identification of high-risk patients and individualized management planning.
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