Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42137480›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in oral health2026

Evaluation of ergonomic work postures among dental students during restorative procedures using an artificial intelligence-based assessment model.

Sanjeev B Khanagar, Aram Alshehri, Farraj Albalawi, Sara Kalagi, Maryam A Alghilan, Mohammed Awawdeh, Kiran Iyer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sanjeev B KhanagarPreventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Aram AlshehriKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Farraj AlbalawiPreventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Sara KalagiKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Maryam A AlghilanKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed AwawdehPreventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Kiran IyerPreventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Dental professionals are frequently exposed to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), with ergonomic risks often emerging during undergraduate dental training. While most existing studies rely on self-reported questionnaires, objective evaluations of work postures remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate work postures adopted by dental students while performing restorative procedures in simulation laboratories using an AI-based assessment model. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among dental students. Participants were recruited through a non-probability purposive sampling method. They were photographed while performing dental procedures in a simulation laboratory. The images were analyzed using a previously validated AI-based Assessment Model [SBK-DentErgo]. Results: A total of 75 students were included in the final analysis. Regarding overall postural aspects, it is noteworthy that none of the students demonstrated acceptable posture. The mean score for the overall posture analysis was 14.2 (±1.6). Among the postural aspects, the hip was highly compromised in 55 (73.3%), followed by upper arm in 52 (64.3%), wrist 48 (64%), neck (side to side) 36 (58.7%), elbows 38 (50.7%), neck (front) 36 (48%). Fisher's Exact test showed D3 students significantly had acceptable hip angulation posture, 10 (52.6%) acceptable, compared to D2 students, among whom 16 (88.9%) exhibited compromised hip angulation ( Conclusions: Dental students adopt improper postures during dental procedures, indicating an early risk of developing ergonomic problems during their training. This AI-model is effective for objective evaluation of ergonomic work postures and can serve as supplementary educational tool for detecting postural deviations in educational settings.

Indexed as

artificial intelligenceassessmentautomateddental studentsergonomicsevaluationmusculoskeletal disorderswork postures

Identifiers

PMID42137480
PMCPMC13168114

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.