Evidence mapPaperPMID 42137973Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2026

How Continuous Glucose Monitoring Reports Inform Clinical Decision-Making for Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Mapping Clinical Workflow to Situation Awareness.

April Savoy, Cristina Barboi, Sam Bibat, Emily Meanwell, Viral N Shah, Michael Weiner

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

April SavoyEdwardson School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9002-9234
Cristina BarboiRegenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Sam BibatRegenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Emily MeanwellDepartment of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA.
Viral N ShahDivision of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3827-7107
Michael WeinerRegenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Funding

Enhancing shared decision-making to prompt and guide individualized care for people with Alzheimer's Disease and DiabetesK01AG076971 · PURDUE UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$123k
NIA NIH HHS K01 AG076971
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOlder adults with type 2 diabetes experience high risk of hypoglycemia, yet clinicians often lack actionable glucose data to guide individualized treatment decisions. This study examined how standardized continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) reports inform clinicians' decision-making using Endsley's situation awareness (SA) framework.

methodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews. Thirty clinicians reviewed three simulated older adult type 2 diabetes cases before and after reviewing CGM reports. Data saturation was achieved, consistent with qualitative research standards. Using an SA informed framework, we analyzed the proportion of clinicians referencing specific data elements and describing changes in diagnostic reasoning and treatment decisions.

resultsAfter CGM data review, clinicians frequently revised assessments and plans. Most clinicians (90%) incorporated time-in-range metrics, while 93% identified previously unrecognized hypoglycemia or nocturnal patterns. Continuous glucose monitoring data led 86% of clinicians to modify their original treatment plan, including deprescribing high-risk agents (eg, sulfonylureas), adjusting insulin timing or dosing, or initiating safer alternatives (eg, SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists). Clinicians also identified multiple barriers to treatment implementation, including cost, medication access, housing instability, and limited food security.

conclusionsContinuous glucose monitoring data-compared with A1C alone-provided meaningful, actionable information that improved individualized treatment decisions for older adults with type 2 diabetes. Continuous glucose monitoring data enhanced clinicians' perception, comprehension, and projection across the SA continuum, fostering more confident diagnostic reasoning and safer treatment strategies. These findings inform the design of SA-based clinical decision-support tools to better integrate CGM data, address contextual barriers, and optimize management of older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Indexed as

clinical decision-makingcontinuous glucose monitoringmedication managementolder adultssituation awarenesstype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42137973
PMCPMC13179298

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.