ArticleArchives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery2026
Sex-related differences in final knee balance during robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
Article in Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Precision soft tissue balance in robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty: a bibliometric and visualization analysis of dynamic gap equilibration.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Pooled it
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIn robotic medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (mUKA), a preoperative alignment strategy can be defined and subsequently adjusted through stress testing to achieve optimal soft-tissue balance. However, the application of uniform planning principles does not necessarily yield equivalent balance in all patients. The aim of this study was to examine differences in intraoperative balance according to patient sex and the degree of preoperative varus deformity. MATERIALS AND
methodsA single-center retrospective cohort study including 254 MAKO
resultsMean preoperative alignment was 174.2 ± 2.8°, with no sex-related difference in baseline varus (p = 0.058). Flexion gaps were significantly tighter in female patients (p = 0.0045). A tight F90 gap was observed in 17.2% more female than male patients (p = 0.023), with an absolute mean difference of 0.35 mm (95% CI - 0.62 to - 0.11 mm). Multivariate linear regression and multinomial logistic regression confirmed tighter F90 gaps in female patients (β = -0.38; 95% CI - 0.63 to - 0.14; p = 0.002; OR = 2.25; 95% CI 1.30-3.88; p = 0.0036, respectively). Patient sex did not influence the extension gap (p = 0.686). Increasing preoperative varus showed a potential association with tighter extension spaces (ANOVA p = 0.0064), but not with flexion balance. The operating surgeon significantly influenced both extension and flexion gaps.
conclusionFemale patients tended to present a tighter flexion gap at 90° in robotic-assisted medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Although the absolute difference was small, it was measurable, suggesting that studies focused on clinical outcomes will be needed to justify adjustments in the execution of mUKA in female patients. Surgeon-related decisions continued to exert a measurable influence on results.
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