ReviewBriefings in bioinformatics2026
Estimating tumour immune infiltration: methodological convergence across histology and spatial technologies.
Review in Briefings in bioinformatics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Estimating tumour immune infiltration is critical for understanding cancer biology and predicting patient response to surgery and immunotherapy. A wide array of experimental platforms supports various computational approaches for quantifying tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and immune infiltration level within the tumour microenvironment, including traditional histopathology, immunohistochemistry, AI-based digital pathology, bulk RNA sequencing, and spatial omics now. Although numerous technologies are available to quantify immune infiltration, important questions remain about which approaches are most suitable and how best to guide platform and methodological choices. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of how each platform estimates tumour immune profile coupled with their corresponding computational approaches, followed by a comparative discussion on technological resolution, cell-type specificity, spatial context, and clinical interpretability. We also discuss emerging trends in multimodal data integration, including mapping-based and fusion-based strategies. Together, our review underscores both the methodological opportunities and the translational potential of diverse immune infiltration estimation strategies, guiding the design of more actionable immune profiling strategies.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.