Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42139203›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

In vivo evaluation of binder jet 3D-Printed monetite, brushite, and octacalcium phosphate: A comparative study for bone regeneration in a rat calvarial defect model.

Ticomporn Luangwattanawilai, Faungchat Thammarakcharoen, Autcharaporn Srion, Kasem Rattanapinyopituk, Jintamai Suwanprateeb, Ruedee Hemstapat

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ticomporn LuangwattanawilaiDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7821-9053
Faungchat ThammarakcharoenBiofunctional Materials and Devices Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand.
Autcharaporn SrionBiofunctional Materials and Devices Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand.
Kasem RattanapinyopitukDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Jintamai SuwanprateebBiofunctional Materials and Devices Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand.
Ruedee HemstapatDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4939-7937

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThree-dimensional (3D)-printed hydroxyapatite (3DP-HA), fabricated via binder jetting of calcium sulfate-based powders followed by phase conversion, has demonstrated bone regeneration efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo studies. However, the inherently low solubility nature of hydroxyapatite (HA) led to slow resorption, which may impede new bone formation. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo bone regeneration efficacy of three newly developed resorbable 3D-printed calcium phosphate scaffolds, including brushite (3DP-BRU), monetite (3DP-MO), and octacalcium phosphate (3DP-OCP), fabricated using the similar technology as 3DP-HA.

methodsThe scaffolds were implanted in a rat calvarial defect model and compared with control groups, including 3DP-HA and two commercial bone grafts: bovine bone graft (BBG) and freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA). Bone regeneration and material resorption were assessed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histological, and immunohistochemical analyses.

resultsMicro-CT and histological evaluations demonstrated that 3DP-MO and 3DP-BRU scaffolds significantly enhanced new bone formation and bone cell activities within the defect sites compared with the controls. Furthermore, both 3DP-MO and 3DP-BRU exhibited considerably lower residual graft material compared to the controls, indicating superior resorption characteristics.

conclusionResorbable 3D-printed calcium phosphate scaffolds, particularly 3DP-MO and 3DP-BRU, exhibit superior resorbability and enhanced bone regeneration compared with conventional materials. These findings highlight their potential as promising biomaterials for clinical application in bone defect repair.

Indexed as

Bone RegenerationCalcium PhosphatesPrinting, Three-DimensionalSkullAnimalsBone SubstitutesBone TransplantationDisease Models, AnimalMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyTissue ScaffoldsX-Ray MicrotomographyBone Substitutescalcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydratecalcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrousCalcium Phosphatesoctacalcium phosphate

Identifiers

PMID42139203
PMCPMC13178867

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Registered trials

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