Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42141244›Full record

ArticleBiological trace element research2026

Human Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals and Natural Radionuclides in Unrefined Edible Salts from Salt Mining Communities of Nasarawa State, Nigeria.

Jude Chinedu Onwuka, Adamu Usman, Amos Idzi Ambo, Matthew Olaleke Aremu, Enebi Estella Jasper, Gladys Nkeiruka Onwuka, Daniel Apeh Egyegbola, Lucy Ooja Agho, Bilyamin Ishaq, Folashade Habibat Omotehinwa and 1 more

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Article in Biological trace element research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jude Chinedu OnwukaDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal University of Lafia, PMB 146, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. emperor20062003@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2950-8273
Adamu UsmanDepartment of Chemistry, Federal University of Lafia, PMB 146, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Amos Idzi AmboDepartment of Chemistry, Federal University of Lafia, PMB 146, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Matthew Olaleke AremuDepartment of Chemistry, Federal University of Lafia, PMB 146, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Enebi Estella JasperDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Dennis Osadebay University, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria.
Gladys Nkeiruka OnwukaDepartment of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Daniel Apeh EgyegbolaDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal University of Lafia, PMB 146, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Lucy Ooja AghoDepartment of Geology, Federal University of Lafia, PMB 146, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Bilyamin IshaqDepartment of Chemistry, Federal University of Lafia, PMB 146, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Folashade Habibat OmotehinwaDepartment of Chemistry, Federal University of University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria.
Agu Matthew OnyemaDepartment of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Edible salts locally mined and processed in Awe and Keana communities of Nasarawa State, Nigeria are consumed without proper purification, thus posing possible health risks to consumers. This study evaluates metals/metalloids and natural radionuclides concentration in 75 composite salt samples from 15 different sources. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Gamma Spectrometry equipped with NaI (Ti) detector, were used to analyze metals/metalloids and natural radionuclides, respectively. The results showed that the average levels of Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Pb in the unrefined salts exceeded regulatory permissible limits, with several containing

Indexed as

Food ContaminationMetalsMetals, HeavyMiningRadioisotopesHumansNigeriaRisk AssessmentSaltsMetalsMetals, HeavyRadioisotopesSaltsAweCancer riskEdible saltsHealth riskKeanaMetalsTarget hazard quotient

Identifiers

PMID42141244

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.