Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42141325›Full record

ArticleInfectious diseases and therapy2026

Death and ICU Admission Associated with Sars-Cov-2 Variants in Immunocompromised Hospitalised Individuals: A National Observational Study.

Antônio José Cordeiro Mattos, Francisco Jose Nigro Mazon, Lucas Ferreira Theotonio Dos Santos, Juares Ednaldo Romero Bianco, Frederico Monfardini, Gustavo Prado Dos Santos, Lívia Dias de Sousa, Mariana Martins Sasse, Luiz Vicente Rizzo, Henrique Andrade R Fonseca and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infectious diseases and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Antônio José Cordeiro Mattos *Academic Research Organization, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Rua Comendador Elias Jafet, 755, 4º andar. 409 N Office, São Paulo, SP, 05652-900, Brazil.
Francisco Jose Nigro Mazon *Academic Research Organization, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Rua Comendador Elias Jafet, 755, 4º andar. 409 N Office, São Paulo, SP, 05652-900, Brazil.
Lucas Ferreira Theotonio Dos SantosAcademic Research Organization, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Rua Comendador Elias Jafet, 755, 4º andar. 409 N Office, São Paulo, SP, 05652-900, Brazil.
Juares Ednaldo Romero BiancoEvidence Generation, Astrazeneca, São Paulo, Brazil.
Frederico MonfardiniAcademic Research Organization, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Rua Comendador Elias Jafet, 755, 4º andar. 409 N Office, São Paulo, SP, 05652-900, Brazil.
Gustavo Prado Dos SantosAcademic Research Organization, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Rua Comendador Elias Jafet, 755, 4º andar. 409 N Office, São Paulo, SP, 05652-900, Brazil.
Lívia Dias de SousaEvidence Generation, Astrazeneca, São Paulo, Brazil.
Mariana Martins SasseEvidence Generation, Astrazeneca, São Paulo, Brazil.
Luiz Vicente RizzoAcademic Research Organization, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Rua Comendador Elias Jafet, 755, 4º andar. 409 N Office, São Paulo, SP, 05652-900, Brazil.
Henrique Andrade R FonsecaAcademic Research Organization, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Rua Comendador Elias Jafet, 755, 4º andar. 409 N Office, São Paulo, SP, 05652-900, Brazil. henrique.fonseca@einstein.br.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-8465
BRAVO-CAD study team

Funding

AstraZeneca D7000R00020
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIndividuals who are immunocompromised (IC) with COVID-19 have consistently been associated with worse clinical outcomes than individuals who are non-immunocompromised (non-IC). The aim of this study was to describe and compare in-hospital outcomes between individuals who are IC and non-IC hospitalised with COVID-19, with a particular focus on mortality across periods defined by the predominant circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.

methodsThis is an observational, retrospective, descriptive study based on a secondary database from Brazil's Unified Health System. Patients hospitalised with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the cohort; categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages, and continuous variables as mean ± standard deviation. Univariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the association between immunocompromised status and two key outcomes: in-hospital mortality and ICU admission, stratified by dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant. Results were reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

resultsBetween March 2020 and July 2023, 361,898 hospitalised COVID-19 individuals were identified, with 2.07% (n = 7484) classified as IC. Those individuals consistently exhibited higher odds of death and ICU admission across all SARS-CoV-2 variant periods. The odds of in-hospital mortality ranged from OR: 1.20 (95% CI 1.04-1.39) during the original (WT) variant to OR: 2.39 (95% CI 1.54-3.71) during the Omicron XBB subvariant period; however, the absolute number of cases and deaths for XBB was small, and this OR might have limited clinical significance. The second highest risk for mortality was observed during the Delta wave (OR: 2.16; 95% CI 1.94-2.41), with a much greater number of cases and clinical significance.

conclusionImmunocompromised status was independently associated with higher odds of adverse hospital outcomes, including ICU admission and in-hospital mortality, regardless of the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variant.

Indexed as

CoronavirusEpidemiologyIntensive care unitMortalitySARS-CoV

Identifiers

PMID42141325
PMCPMC13280119

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.