Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42142189›Full record

ArticleMolecular biology reports2026

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressants: clinical correlations and disease activity control in Egyptian female patients with lupus nephritis.

Ahmed Yahia Elmowafy, Salwa Elwasif, Rasha Shemies, Ahmed Mansour Abdel-Rahman, Mahmoud M Zakaria, Sameha A Omar, Randa El-Gamal, Nehal M Ramadan, Hala Abdel Malek

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Article in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ahmed Yahia ElmowafyNephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Salwa ElwasifNephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Rasha ShemiesMansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Ahmed Mansour Abdel-RahmanNephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Mahmoud M ZakariaMedical biochemistry, Mansoura Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Sameha A OmarFaculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Randa El-GamalMedical biochemistry and molecular biology department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Nehal M RamadanClinical pharmacology department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Hala Abdel MalekClinical pharmacology department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. halaabdel@mans.edu.eg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7982-4210

Funding

Research Accounting Unit, University Competitive Research Fund, Mansoura University, Egypt, . Code No. MU-Med-22-36
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeMycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is widely used in lupus nephritis (LN), but interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics may affect treatment response. This study investigated the relationship between MMF pharmacokinetics, key genetic polymorphisms, and therapeutic response in Egyptian female LN patients. METHODS AND

resultsIn this prospective study, 53 female patients with active LN (ISN/RPS class III-IV) maintained on 2 g/day MMF were enrolled at the Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt. Baseline clinical, laboratory, and histopathological data were collected. Serial blood samples were obtained over 8 h for mycophenolic acid (MPA) quantification by LC/MS. Genomic DNA was extracted for UGT2B7 (rs7438135) and SLCO1B1 (rs183624077) genotyping using TaqMan real-time PCR assays. Treatment response was classified as complete or partial remission versus non-response at 6 months. Population pharmacokinetics were analyzed using Monolix 2020R1. Considerable variability in MPA exposure was observed (mean AUC₀-₈: 22.4 ± 12.9 µg·h/mL; mean Cmax: 12.9 ± 5.5 µg/mL). Responders exhibited higher median AUC₀-₈ than non-responders (23.1 vs. 16.2 µg·h/mL; p = 0.039). SLCO1B1 and UGT2B7 genotypes did not differ significantly between responders and non-responders, though TT carriers showed lower MPA AUC₀-₈. Multivariate analysis identified biopsy class (III vs. IV), induction therapy with MMF, and higher MPA AUC₀-₈ as independent predictors of response.

conclusionsMMF exposure, biopsy class, and induction regimen significantly influence therapeutic response in LN. Pharmacokinetic monitoring of MPA may help optimize MMF therapy, while common UGT2B7 and SLCO1B1 variants showed limited predictive value in this cohort.

Indexed as

Immunosuppressive AgentsLupus NephritisMycophenolic AcidAdultEgyptFemaleGenotypeGlucuronosyltransferaseHumansLiver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1PharmacogeneticsPolymorphism, Single NucleotideProspective StudiesTreatment OutcomeGlucuronosyltransferaseImmunosuppressive AgentsLiver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1Mycophenolic AcidSLCO1B1 protein, humanUGT2B7 protein, humanLupus nephritisMycophenolate mofetilPharmacogeneticsPharmacokineticsSLCO1B1Treatment responseUGT2B7

Identifiers

PMID42142189

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.