Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42147451›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in ophthalmology2026

Laser doppler holography for choroidal blood flow assessment: a systematic review of technical capabilities, validation studies, and clinical applications.

Manfredi Marco Giammanco, Ginevra Genziana Bazan Russo, Marco Giammanco

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Manfredi Marco GiammancoDepartment of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care Areas, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Ginevra Genziana Bazan RussoSchool of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Marco GiammancoDepartment of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care Areas, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Quantitative choroidal blood flow assessment is important for understanding chorioretinal diseases. Laser Doppler Holography (LDH) is a new non-invasive imaging technique that provides full-field, high-temporal-resolution assessments of ocular hemodynamics. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on LDH's technical capabilities, clinical applications, and provides normative reference values for choroidal vascular anatomy. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was undertaken in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies that evaluated choroidal blood flow in humans using LDH were identified. Data on technical specifications, hemodynamic parameters, and vascular anatomy were extracted for narrative synthesis. Results: The comprehensive literature search resulted in 347 records, with 8 studies that met the inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis, as well as 2 studies that could be included in the meta-analysis. The pooled mean diameter of the choroidal arteries was derived to be 134.2 μm (95% CI: 128.3 to 140.1 μm) based on the meta-analysis and demonstrated low levels of heterogeneity (I Discussion: The narrative synthesis found that LDH could assess choroidal vasculature, differentiate arteries from veins using both flow waveforms and spectral data, deliver quantitative data for hemodynamic parameters, and assess blood flow directionality. LDH is a promising and versatile technique to study choroidal blood flow quickly and non-invasively.

Indexed as

choroidal blood flowLaser Doppler Holographymeta-analysisocular imagingsystematic review

Identifiers

PMID42147451
PMCPMC13173542

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.