ArticleHuman mutation2026
Secretory Lysosome-Related Gene Signature Defines the Immune Microenvironment and Identifies RGS2 as a Prometastatic Factor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Article in Human mutation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive tumour with significant heterogeneity and a poor response to immunotherapy. Secretory lysosomes (SLs) control immunological responses and cellular homeostasis; however, the significance of secretory lysosome-related genes (SLRGs) in HCC prognosis and treatment is unclear. This work sought to create a predictive signature based on immune lysosome-related genes (immLysorgs) and to evaluate RGS2's functional role in HCC progression. Methods: We identified 13 immLysorgs in MSigDB and evaluated genomic and clinical data from the TCGA-LIHC and GSE76427 cohorts. Molecular subtypes were identified using nonnegative matrix factorization and consensus clustering. A predictive model (immLysoS) was built using LASSO and multivariate Cox regression with four genes: GZMH, KLRB1, RGS2, and SLC6A1. Model performance was validated across multiple cohorts. The involvement of RGS2 in HCC was examined using functional studies such as CCK-8, colony formation, migration assays, and a xenograft model. Results: Two subtypes (C1/C2) and two genotypes (A/B) were found, with the C2 and A groups exhibiting increased survival and immune infiltration. The immLysoS signature efficiently divided patients into risk categories, with low-risk individuals having much higher overall and progression-free survival. High immLysoS scores were associated with advanced disease, higher grade, and more TP53 and CTNNB1 mutations. Low-risk patients responded better to PD-L1 inhibitors with sorafenib. RGS2 knockdown drastically reduced HCC cell proliferation, migration, and tumor development both in vitro and in vivo. Discussion: The immLysoS signature is an effective tool for risk assessment and therapy advice in HCC, as it links SL-related genes to immunological characteristics and therapeutic response. RGS2 emerges as a possible oncogenic driver and therapeutic target, necessitating additional research into its processes in the HCC microenvironment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.