Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42148571›Full record

Trial reportMicrobiology spectrum2026

Effect of inhaled interferon-β1a on SARS-CoV-2 diversity and evolution.

Gregory E Edelstein, Tatum N Sass, Rinki Deo, Owen T Glover, Julie Boucau, Prasanna Jaganathan, Kara W Chew, Mark J Giganti, Michael D Hughes, Carlee Moser and 14 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Microbiology spectrum, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Gregory E Edelstein *Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-3415-3167
Tatum N Sass *Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Rinki DeoDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Owen T GloverRagon Institute of Mass General Brigham, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Julie BoucauRagon Institute of Mass General Brigham, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Prasanna JaganathanDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6305-758X
Kara W ChewDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Mark J GigantiHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Michael D HughesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Carlee MoserHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Arzhang Cyrus JavanNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Courtney V FletcherCollege of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3703-7849
Caitlyn McCarthyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
David A WohlDepartment of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Eric S DaarLundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.
Joseph J EronDepartment of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Judith S CurrierDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Upinder SinghDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Davey M SmithDepartment of Medicine, University of Carolina, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
William FischerDepartment of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Amy K BarczakRagon Institute of Mass General Brigham, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3806-2381
Manish C Choudhary *Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3192-7840
Jonathan Z Li *Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9914-9662
ACTIV-2/A5401 Study Team

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Interferon resistance has been implicated in SARS-CoV-2 escape from innate immunity, but exogenous interferon's impact on viral evolution and diversity is unknown. SNG001, an inhaled interferon-β1a treatment, was evaluated in the ACTIV-2/A5401 randomized controlled trial of therapeutics for COVID-19. We measured viral kinetics and performed whole-genome sequencing on longitudinal nasal swabs collected from ACTIV-2 participants who received either SNG001 or placebo to assess viral sequence diversity. No difference in nasal viral load decay was detected between study arms when stratifying by SARS-CoV-2 variant or by viral culture conversion. Compared to placebo participants, the SNG001-treated participants displayed significantly lower nonsynonymous amino acid average pairwise distance, indicating lower sequence diversity. Similarly, SNG001-treated individuals also developed numerically fewer nonsynonymous mutations during their infection in ORF1a, ORF1b, Spike, and Nucleocapsid. No specific emerging SARS-CoV-2 nonsynonymous amino acid changes indicating signatures of viral escape were enriched in those receiving SNG001. These

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsCOVID-19 Drug TreatmentInterferon beta-1aSARS-CoV-2Administration, InhalationCOVID-19Evolution, MolecularGenetic VariationGenome, ViralHumansMutationViral LoadWhole Genome SequencingAntiviral AgentsInterferon beta-1aantiviral agentsinterferonsSARS-CoV-2SARS-CoV-2 evolutionviral diversity

Identifiers

PMID42148571
PMCPMC13339817

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.