Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42150814›Full record

ArticleBMJ global health2026

Assessing mpox knowledge and sexual behaviours within high-risk populations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Candice Lemaille, Megan Halbrook, Sydney Merritt, Yvon Anta, Lygie Lunyanga, Patrick K Mukadi, Emmanuel Hasivirwe Vakaniaki, Thierry Kalonji, Michel Kenye, Cris Kacita and 13 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ global health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Candice LemailleDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Megan HalbrookDepartment of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Sydney MerrittDepartment of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4039-605X
Yvon AntaInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the).
Lygie LunyangaInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the).
Patrick K MukadiInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the).
Emmanuel Hasivirwe VakaniakiInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the).
Thierry KalonjiNational Program for the Control of Mpox and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the).ORCID 0000-0002-5646-1784
Michel KenyeInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the).
Cris KacitaNational Program for the Control of Mpox and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the).
Sylvie LinsukeInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the).
Isaac I BogochDepartment of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Muge CevikDivision of Infection and Global Health, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
Gregg S GonsalvesDepartment of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5789-9841
Mikayla HunterDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Laurens LiesenborghsDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
Souradet Y ShawDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Robert L ShongoNational Program for the Control of Mpox and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the).
Lisa E HensleyZoonotic and Emerging Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
Nicole A HoffDepartment of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1770-6304
Anne W RimoinDepartment of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA Jason.Kindrachuk@umanitoba.ca mbalaplacide@gmail.com arimoin@ucla.edu.
Placide Mbala-KingebeniInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the) Jason.Kindrachuk@umanitoba.ca mbalaplacide@gmail.com arimoin@ucla.edu.
Jason KindrachukDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Jason.Kindrachuk@umanitoba.ca mbalaplacide@gmail.com arimoin@ucla.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-3305-7084

Funding

Emerging Infectious Diseases Research Center - East and Central AfricaU01AI151799 · NIAID · WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY · PI NJENGA, M KARIUKI · 2020 to 2024
$8.3M
NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI151799
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHistorically, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has faced the greatest public health burden from mpox, including more than 70 000 probable cases from 1 January 2024 to 2 February 2025. However, there has been a relative paucity of investigation focused on mpox community engagement in DRC, including assessments of disease knowledge and risk perception.

methodsGiven the ongoing Clade I mpox public health emergency of international concern, and the linkage between sustained human-to-human transmission and dense sexual networks, we sought to investigate mpox knowledge and sexual behaviours among key populations. Between 20 March 2024 and 25 August 2024, we recruited 2794 participants distributed across Kinshasa, Kwango and North Kivu provinces, with a focus in urban centres where mpox risk was considered high.

resultsMost participants were considered other at-risk populations (948; 33.9%), followed by men who have sex with men (MSM, 828; 29.6%) and sex workers (897; 32.1%). Mpox knowledge, including transmission routes as well as sexual and health-seeking behaviours, was evaluated through questionnaires led by peer educators. Overall, only 6.1% of all participants reported prior mpox knowledge. Among this participant subset, zoonosis ('direct contact with infected animals') and 'people living in high-risk areas' were the most frequently selected options in regard to mpox transmission and populations at risk, respectively. When considering at-risk behaviours for mpox, those who identified as sex workers reported significantly higher risk sexual activities, including multiple sexual partners (80.3% of sex work participants), engaging in transactional sex (84.7%) and anonymous sex (80.8%) compared with MSM. However, both sex workers (44.8%) and MSM (56.7%) reported the highest health seeking behaviours for a suspected sexually transmitted infection.

conclusionsOur results highlight the need to evaluate knowledge in high-risk communities, especially in an endemic setting. Community engagement, which incorporates both mpox knowledge and risk perception activities, is inclusive of at-risk populations and is needed for ongoing mpox containment and mitigation efforts.

Indexed as

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeMpox, MonkeypoxSexual BehaviorSexually Transmitted DiseasesAdolescentAdultDemocratic Republic of the CongoFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk-TakingSex WorkersSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultCommunity-based surveyGlobal HealthHealth Services AccessibilityInfections, diseases, disorders, injuries

Identifiers

PMID42150814
PMCPMC13185043

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.