Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42151552›Full record

ArticleNature human behaviour2026

Brain activity, disruption and connectivity comparisons identify origins of human metacognition in other primates.

Kentaro Miyamoto, Simone D'Ambrogio, Caroline Harbison, Nicole Eichert, Urs Schüffelgen, Andrew Emberton, Jerome Sallet, Rogier B Mars, Nima Khalighinejad, Matthew Fs Rushworth

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature human behaviour, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Towards an integrative neuroscience of metacognition.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Kentaro Miyamoto *Laboratory for Imagination and Executive Functions, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan. kentaro.miyamoto.wg@riken.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1386-0045
Simone D'Ambrogio *Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9030-8145
Caroline HarbisonDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nicole EichertWellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-5787
Urs SchüffelgenDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Andrew EmbertonDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Jerome SalletDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7878-0209
Rogier B MarsWellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6302-8631
Nima KhalighinejadDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-5789
Matthew Fs RushworthDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5578-9884

Funding

Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) JP24wm0525034 and JP23wm0625001MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) JP25H00583, JP25K21988 and JP23H03843RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) BB/W003392/1RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) BB/W008947/1RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC) MR/P024955/1Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust (Wellcome) 221794/Z/20/ZWellcome Trust (Wellcome) 222799/Z/21/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Planning requires anticipating the environmental contingencies that we will encounter and also our own future behaviour in those scenarios. The evolutionary origins of such prospective decision simulations have, however, been difficult to investigate. Moreover, in humans, these metacognitive processes are associated with a distinctively human brain region in the anterior lateral prefrontal cortex. Here we demonstrate these capacities in macaques and their neural bases in two complementary patterns of brain activity in different ventrolateral prefrontal areas: areas 45a and 47/12o. We also examine the impact of ultrasonic disruption of each area. We compare behavioural, brain activity and disruption patterns in humans and macaques. Finally, comparative connectional analysis revealed similarities between the conjunction of the two circuits associated with areas 45a and 47/12o in macaques and the human anterior lateral prefrontal area. In combination, the results suggest behavioural and anatomical origins of metacognitive processes that have become especially sophisticated in humans.

Indexed as

MetacognitionPrefrontal CortexAdultAnimalsBiological EvolutionBrain MappingFemaleHumansMacaca mulattaMagnetic Resonance ImagingMale

Identifiers

PMID42151552
PMCPMC13485697

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.