Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42152111›Full record

SynthesisBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2026

The effects of hypoxic versus normoxic exercise training on body composition, cardiometabolic health markers, and functional performance in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mousa Khalafi, Saeid Fatolahi, Sara K Rosenkranz, Michael E Symonds, Farnaz Dinizadeh, Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mousa KhalafiDepartment of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran. Mousa.khalafi@yahoo.com.
Saeid FatolahiDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Saeed.ft1370@gmail.com.
Sara K RosenkranzDepartment of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Michael E SymondsCentre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
Farnaz DinizadehDepartment of Sport Sciences, Tabriz branch, Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
Mohammad Hossein SakhaeiDepartment of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExercise training under hypoxia (HET) has recently gained attention and theoretically has beneficial synergistic effects on body composition, cardiometabolic health, and functional performance compared with exercise training under normoxia (NET). Findings are, however, mixed, so the present study aimed to investigate the potential superiority of HET over NET.

methodsA comprehensive search was conducted in three primary databases, i.e., PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, from inception to May 2024 to identify original studies that compared the effects of HET versus NET on body composition, lipid profiles, glycemic markers, blood pressures, inflammatory markers, muscular strength, and VO

resultsA total of 43 studies involving 1,154 participants with mean ages ranging from ~ 21 to 82 years were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, HET decreased body fat and circulating triglycerides (TG) while improving both absolute and relative VO

conclusionsHET provides a small but statistically significant benefit for body fat, TG, and a meaningful improvement in VO

Indexed as

Body compositionCardiometabolic healthExercise trainingFitnessHypoxia

Identifiers

PMID42152111
PMCPMC13352645

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.