ArticleAnnals of clinical epidemiology2026
Association between metformin use and cervical cancer risk in women with diabetes in Japan: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Annals of clinical epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the association between metformin use and the risk of cervical cancer in women with diabetes compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), using a new-user active-comparator design.
methodsWe analyzed data from the JMDC claims database for new users of metformin or DPP-4i between 2010-2022 who were women. Propensity score overlap-weighting was applied to adjust for differences in age, complications, comorbidities, and other anti-diabetic medications. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare cervical cancer incidence between the metformin and DPP-4i groups.
resultsA total of 31,269 eligible individuals were identified, comprising 11,466 metformin users and 19,803 DPP-4i users. Cervical cancer occurred in 11 women (34.0/100,000 person-years) from the metformin group and 34 (59.0/100,000 person-years) in the DPP-4i group. Metformin use was associated with a lower risk of cervical cancer in our unadjusted Kaplan-Meier analysis (P = 0.058), and multivariable-adjusted Cox model (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.22-1.09; P = 0.082), although neither difference was statistically significant.
conclusionsOur findings did not show a statistically significant association between metformin use and cervical cancer incidence. However, this study's limited sample size precluded definitive conclusions.
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