ArticleScientific reports2026
A new mayfly species of Ecdyonurus Eaton, 1868 from Eocene Baltic Amber and insights into the extant molecular diversity of the genus.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This contribution describes and discusses the first fossil record of a male imago belonging to the genus Ecdyonurus Eaton, 1868 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). The features of the genitalia, with the characteristic structure of the not projected apical sclerite of the penis lobes curved laterally, undoubtedly indicate its belonging to the subgenus Helvetoraeticus Bauernfeind & Soldán, 2012. Ecdyonurus (Helvetoraeticus) hoffeinsorum sp. nov. is established for a single adult specimen from the Eocene Baltic amber, and its taxonomical relationships are analysed. Furthermore, based on the unique structure of the mesonotal lateroparapsidal suture, we raise Nestormeus stat. nov. (formerly a subgenus of Ecdyonurus comprising two Eocene species, i.e. Nestormeus leopoliensis (Godunko, 2004) comb. nov. and Nestormeus groehnorum (Godunko, 2007) comb. nov.) to the genus level. The extant species of the subgenus Helvetoraeticus are known from Western Palearctic only, based on adults and obligatory rheophilous larvae inhabiting water courses of different types in the mountainous and foothills regions of Europe, Minor Asia and the Caucasus. Well-grounded description of a fossil representative of the rheophilic subgenus Helvetoraeticus in the Cenozoic resin of Europe is significant for future precise reconstructions of the ecological and biogeographic patterns of the freshwater Eocene fauna, as well as a reliable calibration point for time scaled phylogeny reconstructions. Given the lack of knowledge on the molecular diversity of Ecdyonurus genus, significant morphological variability of all life stages, the presence of endemic and potentially cryptic species, and insufficient knowledge of the distributional pattern of most Helvetoraeticus representatives, we analyse the available data on the genetic structure of the Ecdyonurus genus revealing high diversity and putative misidentifications, underscoring the taxonomic challenges within this group.
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