Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42156776›Full record

ReviewNPJ vaccines2026

Vaccination in individuals with Down syndrome: immune vulnerability, safety, efficacy and opportunities.

Bernard Khor, Noemi A Spinazzi, Lina R Patel, Erika Chelales, Nicole Baumer, Peter Bulova, Brian Chicoine, Arturo Borzutzky, Hana M El Sahly, Joaquin M Espinosa and 8 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in NPJ vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Bernard KhorBenaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA. bkhor@benaroyaresearch.org.
Noemi A Spinazzi *Children's Specialized Hospital, Hamilton, NJ, USA.
Lina R Patel *Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA.
Erika Chelales *Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA.
Nicole BaumerAnna and John J Sie Center for Down Syndrome, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
Peter BulovaUniversity of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Brian ChicoineAdvocate Health Adult Down Syndrome Center, Park Ridge, IL, USA.
Arturo BorzutzkySchool of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Hana M El SahlyBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Joaquin M EspinosaLinda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA.
Melissa D GansUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USA.
Andrew A McCormickUniversity of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Rebecca PartridgeBenaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.
Eric RubensteinBoston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Jonathan D SantoroDivision of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Cate SpeakeBenaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.
Juanita Valdes CamachoLouisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA.
Kishore VellodyUniversity of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Funding

Mechanistic and functional dissection of inflammaging in Down syndromeR01AI166835 · BENAROYA RESEARCH INST AT VIRGINIA MASON · 2025 to 2025
$678k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI166835NIA NIH HHS R01 AG073179NIH HHS R01 AI150305NIH HHS R01-AI166835
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although individuals with Down syndrome (DS) remain highly vulnerable to severe infections, vaccination remains underutilized. Here we review, specific to people with DS, the safety and efficacy of vaccination, drivers of susceptibility to infection, and existing and emerging opportunities to improve vaccine response. We find that vaccines are generally safe and immunogenic in individuals with DS, although continued research is essential to improve vaccine efficacy and health outcomes.

Identifiers

PMID42156776
PMCPMC13454636

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.