Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42157708›Full record

ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2026

Nano-Encapsulated Cinnamomum cassia Essential Oil in Combination With Fluconazole Exhibits Synergistic Activity Against Fluconazole-Resistant Nakaseomyces glabratus and Pichia kudriavzevii.

Mehrdad Seifi, Mohammad Ali Esfandiary, Negar Hemmati, Javad Malakootikhah, Donya Nikaein, Ali Reza Khosravi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mehrdad SeifiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1678-9897
Mohammad Ali EsfandiaryDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Negar HemmatiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2570-0972
Javad MalakootikhahDepartment of Nanobiotechnology, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-012X
Donya NikaeinDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Ali Reza KhosraviDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6777-5930

Funding

University of Tehran
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNakaseomyces species, particularly Nakaseomyces glabratus and Pichia kudriavzevii, pose remarkable treatment challenges due to their resistance to common antifungal agents like fluconazole (FCZ). Essential oils, such as Cinnamomum cassia essential oil (CC-EO), offer a promising alternative, especially when enhanced with nanotechnology to improve stability and bioavailability.

aimThis study aims to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of CC-EO and its nano-encapsulated form (nano-CC-EO) against Nakaseomyces spp. to explore their potential as alternative treatments for resistant candidiasis.

methodsTen clinical isolates of N. glabratus and P. kudriavzevii were tested using CC-EO and nano-CC-EO, which were prepared via nanoprecipitation. Antifungal efficacy was evaluated through disk diffusion, microdilution and checkerboard assays, whereas nano-CC-EO's physicochemical properties were characterized using dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and zeta potential analysis.

resultsCharacterization of nano-CC-EO showed an average particle size of 174.8 nm and a stable zeta potential of -18.6 mV, confirming uniformity and stability. In disk diffusion screening, nano-CC-EO produced larger inhibition zones than CC-EO at 2000 ppm, providing a qualitative indication of stronger growth inhibition. Microdilution tests revealed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 250-500 ppm for nano-CC-EO and 125-500 ppm for CC-EO, highlighting strong inhibitory effects against Nakaseomyces isolates. Checkerboard assays demonstrated synergistic and additive interactions between nano-CC-EO and FCZ, with several isolates showing fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values below 0.5.

conclusionThis study highlights the enhanced antifungal potential of nano-CC-EO, offering a promising alternative for treating resistant Nakaseomyces infections. Nano-CC-EO formulations demonstrated superior efficacy and targeted delivery, suggesting their potential as effective natural antifungal agents.

Indexed as

Antifungal AgentsCinnamomum aromaticumDrug Resistance, FungalFluconazoleOils, VolatilePichiaPlant OilsSaccharomycetalesDrug SynergismMicrobial Sensitivity TestsAntifungal AgentsFluconazoleOils, VolatilePlant Oilsantifungal synergycinnamomum cassia essential oilfluconazolenakaseomyces glabratusnano‐encapsulationpichia kudriavzevii

Identifiers

PMID42157708
PMCPMC13239926

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.