Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42160752›Full record

ArticleJMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies2026

Multigesture Electromyographic Control Complexity in Upper Limb Prostheses Actuated via Single Sensor Input Contraction Magnitude: Qualitative Study for Evaluating Performance and Cognitive Load.

Abrianna Lalle, Samantha Migliore, Jeffrey Stevenson, Ethan Bell, Maanya Pradeep, Delaney Gunnell, Sophie Bennett, Viviana Rivera, Peter Smith, Matt Dombrowski and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Abrianna LalleLimbitless Solutions, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5086-8051
Samantha MiglioreLimbitless Solutions, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4369-5696
Jeffrey StevensonLimbitless Solutions, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2269-8905
Ethan BellLimbitless Solutions, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7312-849X
Maanya PradeepLimbitless Solutions, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8630-4922
Delaney GunnellLimbitless Solutions, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7561-1185
Sophie BennettLimbitless Solutions, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3611-8005
Viviana RiveraLimbitless Solutions, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5619-6135
Peter SmithLimbitless Solutions, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5010-5359
Matt DombrowskiLimbitless Solutions, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-2640
John SparkmanLimbitless Solutions, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9346-5947
Albert Manero IiLimbitless Solutions, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0145-7582

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLack of functionality is one factor that contributes to prosthetic rejection rates. Electromyographic upper limb prostheses are controlled through muscle contractions in the user's residual limb. The incorporation of multigesture controls into a novel, in-house developed upper limb prosthesis requires users to differentiate between the strengths of muscle contractions to trigger programmed gestures. Little research exists on the limitations of expanding device capabilities. This expansion may lead to a decline in accuracy and perceived usability or an increase in training time and cognitive workload.

objectiveThis study aimed to determine the feasibility of implementing multiple gestures when learning electromyographic controls during a single training session.

methodsParticipants with full upper extremity control were fitted with a Flex Controller, a surface electromyography device that measures muscle contraction. Contractions were visualized as peaks and calibrated through an adjustable scale on a tablet. A training app was developed in-house to test novice users on an electromyography control system. Users interacted with 1, 3, or 5 zones on the screen. Each horizontal zone represented a threshold required to trigger a distinct gesture on the prosthesis. The cohorts were labeled A1 (n=9), A2 (n=10), A3 (n=9), and B1 (n=26). Every participant completed 3 trials per arm, and each trial consisted of 15 randomized cues. Each cue was represented by a green color change, with 1 point earned after a successful peak. Collected outcomes included performance, the System Usability Scale, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index.

resultsScores decreased significantly as zones increased (Kruskal-Wallis H

conclusionsThese findings support the implementation of progressive training for 3 gestures. Usability perceptions were the highest among the more complicated progressive cohort, which is likely related to perceived improvement. Progressively learning 3 gestures enables a balance between device capability, user intention, perceived usability, and cognitive workload.

Indexed as

artificial limbsbiomedical engineeringbiomedical technologygamified trainingprosthesesupper limb prosthesisusabilityuser centered design

Identifiers

PMID42160752
PMCPMC13234536

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.