Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42166239›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Evolution of genome-wide barriers to gene flow during complex speciation in rattlesnakes.

Keaka Farleigh, Dylan K Highland, Megan G Alderman, Yannick Francioli, Samuel R Hirst, Ellie M Faber, Blair W Perry, Matthew L Holding, Gamaliel Castañeda-Gaytán, Miguel Borja and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Keaka FarleighDepartment of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903.
Dylan K HighlandDepartment of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903.ORCID 0009-0000-2757-9161
Megan G AldermanDepartment of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903.ORCID 0000-0003-2586-9151
Yannick FrancioliDepartment of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019.ORCID 0000-0001-9653-0417
Samuel R HirstDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620.
Ellie M FaberDepartment of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903.ORCID 0009-0007-3863-5801
Blair W PerryDepartment of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.ORCID 0000-0003-4905-7852
Matthew L HoldingLife Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.ORCID 0000-0003-3477-3012
Gamaliel Castañeda-GaytánFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gòmez Palacio, Durango 35019, México.ORCID 0000-0002-1896-0937
Miguel BorjaFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gòmez Palacio, Durango 35019, México.ORCID 0000-0003-4098-7279
Hector Franz-ChávezHerp.MX, Villa de Àlvarez, Colima 28970, México.
Christopher L ParkinsonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634.ORCID 0000-0002-2020-6992
Jason L StricklandBiology Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688.ORCID 0000-0002-1927-7259
Mark J MargresDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620.ORCID 0000-0002-6153-6701
Stephen P MackessyDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639.ORCID 0000-0003-4515-2545
Jesse M MeikDepartment of Biological Sciences, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX 76402.
Todd A CastoeDepartment of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019.ORCID 0000-0002-5912-1574
Drew R SchieldDepartment of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903.ORCID 0000-0001-7854-9480

Funding

American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) Theodore Roosevelt Memorial FundNational Geographic Society (NGS) NGS-91224R-21NSF (NSF) DBI-2409958NSF (NSF) DEB-1655571NSF (NSF) IOS-2307044NSF | NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP) 2136515
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Speciation with gene flow poses a central paradox: how do genome-wide barriers to gene exchange accumulate as recombination continually breaks down associations among selected loci? Although theory predicts that together recombination, selection, and genome structure shape reproductive isolation, empirical studies often report conflicting patterns, suggesting that these determinants change across the speciation continuum. Here we compare genomic landscapes of introgression across rattlesnake lineages spanning a range of divergence. We generated a chromosome-level reference genome for the Southwestern Speckled Rattlesnake (

Indexed as

CrotalusEvolution, MolecularGene FlowGenetic SpeciationGenomeAnimalsRecombination, GeneticReproductive IsolationSelection, Geneticbarrier locigene flowrecombinationreproductive isolationselection

Identifiers

PMID42166239
PMCPMC13214041

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.