Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42166325›Full record

SynthesisMedicine and science in sports and exercise2026

The Agreement between Fat max and the Gas-Exchange and Blood Lactate Thresholds: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Clorinda Hogan, Troy J Cross, Megan Tiong, Pradeep Pratheepan, Anneliese Blaxland, Elizabeth Machan, Kieron Rooney

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Clorinda HoganDiscipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, AUSTRALIA.
Troy J CrossDiscipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, AUSTRALIA.
Megan TiongDiscipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, AUSTRALIA.
Pradeep PratheepanDiscipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, AUSTRALIA.
Anneliese BlaxlandDiscipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, AUSTRALIA.
Elizabeth MachanDiscipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, AUSTRALIA.
Kieron RooneyDiscipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, AUSTRALIA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe relationship between the exercise intensity at which maximal fat oxidation occurs (Fat max ) and the lactate threshold/gas-exchange threshold (LT/GET) has gained interest in both sport performance and health-related communities, yet the absolute agreement between these two "thresholds" remains inconsistent. This review aims to systematically assess the available literature to determine whether Fat max occurs at the same exercise intensity as the LT/GET and to examine whether aspects of study design moderated this relationship.

methodsPubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus were systematically searched from inception to January 20, 2025. Studies were included if they reported Fat max and measures of the LT/GET in healthy adults. Exercise intensities corresponding to these thresholds were analyzed using a random-effects multilevel meta-analysis. Univariate moderator analyses were performed to identify potential methodological or participant-related moderators of the effect size.

resultsThe meta-analysis ( N = 42 studies) revealed that Fat max occurred at a significantly lower exercise intensity than LT/GET, by approximately 5.78% , 4.75 mL·min -1 ·kg -1 , 22 W, or 11 beats ·min -1 (effect size = 0.74, 95% confidence interval = 0.32-1.16, P = 0.001). Moderator analyses indicated that differences between Fat max and LT/GET varied according to participant characteristics (e.g., age, sex, and fitness level), nutritional status, study design, testing protocols, and analytical methods.

conclusionsAlthough Fat max typically occurs at a lower exercise intensity than the LT/GET, this difference appears smaller in sedentary individuals (<20 yr), when testing is performed with a <6-h fasting period, and when treadmill-based, two separate sessions protocols are employed. Under these conditions, the LT/GET could serve as a surrogate for Fat max when direct substrate oxidation measurement is not feasible.

Indexed as

Adipose TissueAnaerobic ThresholdExerciseLactic AcidPulmonary Gas ExchangeHumansOxidation-ReductionOxygen ConsumptionLactic AcidEXERCISE TESTINGFUEL UTILIZATIONINDIRECT CALORIMETRYLACTATEMAXIMAL FAT OXIDATIONVENTILATORY THRESHOLD

Identifiers

PMID42166325
PMCPMC13446920

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.