ArticleJournal of innate immunity2026
Smad2/3 Regulates IL-6R m6A Methylation through METTL3 to Influence Inflammatory Responses in Hemorrhoidal Disease.
Article in Journal of innate immunity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionThis study investigates METTL3's function and mechanisms in hemorrhoidal disease-related inflammation.
methodsA rat model of hemorrhoidal disease was induced in vivo using croton oil. Human monocytic leukemia cells THP-1 were induced into macrophages using phorbol myristate acetate, and then lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce an inflammatory phenotype in the macrophages. The pathological changes in the rectal and anal tissues of rats were evaluated using the rectoanal coefficient and HE staining. Key gene and protein expression levels were detected using real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry.
resultsMETTL3 expression was significantly upregulated in hemorrhoidal tissues and LPS-induced macrophages, and its knockdown alleviated rectal-anal lesions in hemorrhoidal rats. Silencing METTL3 suppressed the expression of M1 polarization markers (iNOS, CD80, CD86) while increasing interleukin-10 and reducing tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in hemorrhoidal tissues and LPS-stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, LPS treatment enhanced Smad2/3 and IL-6R expression in macrophages, and positive correlations were observed between the expression of Smad2, Smad3, and METTL3, as well as between METTL3 and IL-6R. Mechanistically, nuclear-translocated Smad2/3 bound to METTL3 to promote its expression. The resulting elevated METTL3 then promoted IL-6R expression via m6A modification, driving macrophage activation and ultimately exacerbating the inflammatory response in hemorrhoidal disease.
conclusionThis work demonstrates that the Smad2/3-induced METTL3 drives hemorrhoidal inflammation via m6A modification of IL-6R, presenting a novel intervention target.
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