Evidence mapPaperPMID 42169539Full record

ReviewPain management2026

Temporomandibular disorders in children and adolescents: an underexplored condition in need of developmentally informed diagnostic guidance.

Caroline M Sawicki, Linda Sangalli

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pain management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Caroline M SawickiDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1386-5594
Linda SangalliCollege of Dental Medicine-Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9295-9849

Funding

Identifying Subgroups of Adolescents with Chronic Temporomandibular Disorder Pain to Guide Personalized TreatmentR03DE034768 · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · 2025 to 2025
$310k
NIDCR NIH HHS R03 DE034768
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) are increasingly recognized in children and adolescents, yet their diagnosis and clinical management remain less clearly defined than in adult populations. Despite evidence that TMD symptoms often emerge during critical periods of craniofacial growth and that TMD-related pain in adolescence substantially increases the risk of persistence into adulthood, pediatric TMD remains underrepresented in research, clinical guidelines, and professional education. AREAS COVERED: The review synthesizes emerging consensus on age-appropriate screening tools and diagnostic frameworks based on adaptations of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for children and adolescents; highlights the importance of interdisciplinary, biopsychosocial approaches for early identification, prognosis, and management of pediatric TMD; and identifies key gaps in epidemiology, diagnostic validation, and longitudinal outcomes. When pediatric-specific evidence is available, this review summarizes practical approaches to screening, clinical examination, and psychosocial assessment that are feasible in primary care and pediatric dental settings. Gaps in the validation of diagnostic tools and thresholds across developmental stages are identified as pressing research priorities, as they directly influence epidemiological estimates, clinical decision-making, and care pathways.

Indexed as

Temporomandibular Joint DisordersAdolescentChildHumansadolescentschildrenDC/TMDscreeningTemporomandibular disorders

Identifiers

PMID42169539
PMCPMC13419674

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.