Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42174124›Full record

ArticleNPJ digital medicine2026

A multilevel meta-analysis of passive smartphone sensing of adolescent mental health.

Merel M L Leijse, Aaliyah Hansen, Imara K Semeijn, Eleonore Breuning, Janneke P C Staaks, Thimo M van der Pol, Geert-Jan J M Stams, Arne Popma, Levi van Dam

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Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Merel M L LeijseDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam UMC Location: Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.m.l.leijse@amsterdamumc.nl.
Aaliyah HansenDutch Innovation Network for Societal Youth Challenges, Garage2020, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Imara K SemeijnFaculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Eleonore BreuningDepartment of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Janneke P C StaaksDepartment of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Thimo M van der PolDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam UMC Location: Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Geert-Jan J M StamsDepartment of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Arne PopmaDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam UMC Location: Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Levi van DamDutch Innovation Network for Societal Youth Challenges, Garage2020, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adolescence is a critical developmental stage in which the risk of mental health problems peaks. Passive smartphone sensing offers valuable opportunities for moment-to-moment assessment of such risk. The amount of research is growing steadily, but a quantitative synthesis of the literature is lacking. Therefore, this meta-analysis evaluated the association between passive smartphone data (e.g., GPS, call logs, and notifications) and adolescents' (12-24 years) mental health outcomes across 45 independent samples (N = 2939). Findings revealed a small but significant overall effect (r = 0.12). Most passive data correlated with mental health outcomes, except for the number of contacts, while linguistic markers showed a significant negative correlation. Associations were not moderated by study design features or type of outcome, but were significantly stronger in non-student than in student samples. These results highlight passive smartphone sensing as a promising tool for assessing precursors of adolescent mental health and provide guidance for future research.

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.