ReviewStem cell research & therapy2026
Organoids: generation strategies, applications, and future challenges.
Review in Stem cell research & therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Impaired fatty acid metabolism in AKI: experimental evidence - a narrative review.BMC nephrology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Organoids are microscopic 3D structures that resemble real organs, assembled in vitro from stem cells. Since the Dutch team of Hans Clevers successfully cultured intestinal stem cells to generate intestinal structures in 2009, organoid technology has developed rapidly, and culture protocols covering various organs such as the brain, liver, intestine, kidney, and bone have been established. These micro-organ models retain the cellular heterogeneity, tissue-specific structure, and genetic background of the original tissue. Compared to traditional two-dimensional culture, they provide a more physiologically relevant research platform. This article reviews organoid generation strategies, mainly dividing them into scaffold-free and scaffolded methods, and details specific generation protocols for brain, liver, intestine, kidney, and bone organoids. Furthermore, this article emphasizes innovations in bioengineering, such as organ-on-a-chip systems and 3D bioprinting technology. These technologies can enhance the maturity, vascularization, and reproducibility of organoids. The article also extensively discusses the biomedical applications of organoids, including in vitro disease models, infectious diseases, cancer, drug screening and toxicity testing, tissue engineering, and age-related diseases. Despite the significant potential of organoids, some challenges remain. Issues such as standardization, limited vascularization, ethical considerations, and scalability for industrial and clinical translation remain. Looking ahead, interdisciplinary efforts integrating stem cell biology, bioengineering, and computational methods promise to drive the development of organoid technology. This will make it a more robust and physiologically consistent model. Organoids hold the potential to become a cornerstone tool in biomedical research, bridging the gap between in vitro research and the clinical application of personalized medicine, drug development, and regenerative therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.