Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42177448›Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2026

The clinical value of pharmacogenomics in the pharmacotherapy of common psychiatric disorders: a macroscopic analysis based on real-world data.

Fei Jia, Yanjie Zhao, Shanshan Tian, Nan Wang, Xiaoqian Lan, Mengxi Niu, Shuang Bao, Yannan Zang, Linghui Meng, Pengfei Li and 1 more

Abstract read
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Article in BMC psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Fei Jia *Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
Yanjie Zhao *Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
Shanshan TianBeijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
Nan WangBeijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
Xiaoqian LanBeijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
Mengxi NiuBeijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
Shuang BaoBeijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
Yannan ZangBeijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
Linghui MengBeijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China. linghuimeng@mail.ccmu.edu.cn.
Pengfei LiBeijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China. lee-pf@ccmu.edu.cn.
Gang WangBeijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China. gangwangdoc@ccmu.edu.cn.

Funding

Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support YGLX202537
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPharmacogenomic (PGx) testing holds promise for personalized psychiatry, but its clinical utility in real-world inpatient settings remains inadequately established. Using real-world data, this study investigated whether PGx testing is associated with improved treatment outcomes in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD).

methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted, enrolling inpatients with SCZ, MDD, and BD from January 2022 to March 2024. Patients were divided into a PGx group or a treatment-as-usual (TAU) group based on whether they received PGx testing. The primary outcomes were disease-specific scale scores (PANSS for SCZ; HAMD/HAMA for MDD; YMRS/HAMD for BD). Demographic characteristics, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization costs were also compared between the two groups.

resultsIn total, 3,942 patients were included (SCZ: 1,328; MDD: 1,143; BD: 1,471). Linear mixed model analyses revealed significant negative interaction effects between PGx testing and treatment duration across all three disorders (SCZ-PANSS: -0.86, p < 0.001; MDD-HAMD: -0.49, p < 0.001; MDD-HAMA: -0.32, p < 0.001; BD-YMRS: -0.25, p = 0.025; BD-HAMD: -0.39, p < 0.001). This indicates that symptom improvement over time was significantly faster in the PGx group. Furthermore, for MDD and BD, the PGx group had more severe baseline symptoms (MDD: HAMD score 2.77 points higher, p < 0.001; HAMA score 1.79 points higher, p < 0.001. BD: HAMD score 2.16 points higher, p < 0.001) and higher hospitalization costs (MDD: ¥8,730.06 higher, p < 0.001; BD: ¥2,902.78 higher, p = 0.025). Additionally, MDD patients in the PGx group had a significantly longer hospital stay (mean difference: 4.25 days, p = 0.02).

conclusionIn the real-world inpatient setting, PGx testing was associated with a steeper slope of clinical symptom improvement in patients with SCZ, MDD, and BD. It is important to note that PGx testing was used more often for patients with more severe baseline conditions who also required more healthcare resources. Nevertheless, PGx may help optimize treatment regimens and enhance therapeutic efficiency. Overall, these findings provide practical evidence supporting PGx as a useful clinical decision-support tool for hospitalized psychiatric patients. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable. This study is a retrospective observational study using real-world clinical data and did not involve a prospective intervention requiring trial registration.

Indexed as

Antipsychotic AgentsBipolar DisorderMajor Depressive DisorderPharmacogeneticsPharmacogenomic TestingSchizophreniaAdultFemaleHospitalizationHumansLength of StayMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeAntipsychotic AgentsBipolar disorderDepressive disorderMacroscopic analysisPharmacogenomic testingReal-worldSchizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID42177448
PMCPMC13352744

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.