ArticleMetabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society2026
Identification of salivary lipid biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis of reflux esophagitis via UHPLC-MS-based lipidomics.
Article in Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionReflux esophagitis (RE) is a common upper gastrointestinal disorder, and its diagnosis currently relies primarily on invasive endoscopic examination. The lack of reliable non-invasive biomarkers substantially limits early detection and large-scale screening. Saliva represents a promising biofluid for metabolomics research, as it can reflect metabolic alterations associated with upper gastrointestinal pathology.
objectivesThis study aimed to identify potential salivary lipid biomarkers associated with RE, and to develop a non-invasive diagnostic model using metabolomics and lipidomics.
methodsSaliva samples from patients clinically diagnosed with RE and healthy controls were analyzed. The analysis included a discovery cohort (n = 144) and an independent validation cohort (n = 146). Differential metabolites were screened using the untargeted metabolomics approach of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), and then quantitative verification was conducted using targeted lipidomics. Multivariate statistical analysis, random forest algorithms, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were applied.
resultsUntargeted metabolomics revealed significant metabolic differences between RE patients and healthy controls, with marked enrichment of sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Targeted lipidomics identified six consistently dysregulated salivary lipids: DAG (18:1_18:2), S-1-P, PE (P-16:0_18:1), DAG (16:0_18:2), DAG (18:1_18:1), and DAG (16:0_18:1). A multimetabolite model based on these lipids effectively distinguished RE patients from healthy controls, achieving an AUC of 99.45% in the discovery cohort and 97.17% in the validation cohort.
conclusionThis study identified a salivary lipid signature associated with RE and supports the potential of this lipidomic approach as a non-invasive method to distinguish RE from healthy controls.
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