SynthesisClinical cardiology2026
Clinic Value of Blood Urea to Creatinine Ratio in Heart Failure Patients: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Clinical cardiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo synthesize the existing evidence on the association of BCR with clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure.
methodsA comprehensive and systematic search of observational studies was conducted across five major databases-PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar-covering all records up to February 2024. The primary outcomes of interest included mortality, rehospitalization, cardiovascular events, and renal complications. To evaluate the methodological quality, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was applied, allowing for the structured assessment of bias across the selection, comparability, and outcome domains. Additionally, the certainty of the evidence was appraised using the GRADE framework.
resultsTwenty studies including 21 397 HF patients were analyzed. For ≥ 1-year mortality (11 661 participants, 11 studies), hazard ratios ranged from 1.30 to 2.19, with the strongest association in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HR: 3.28, 95% CI: 2.00-5.38) with very low certainty. It also correlated with worse NYHA class IV versus II (MD: 12.03, 95% CI: 10.54-13.52) and increased risk of 1-month major adverse cardiovascular events (OR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.01-6.01), both with very low certainty. Most included cohort studies were rated as low risk of bias, with only two studies at moderate risk and one study at high risk.
conclusionElevated BCR is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure. However, its discriminative performance appears limited, and its incremental value over established biomarkers such as NT-proBNP remains unclear. Further prospective studies are required to determine its clinical utility.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.